Tuesday, June 22, 2021

8 ENGLISH 2021-2022

 R/45                                                          
 26 / 10 / 2021, 27 / 10 / 2021, 28 / 10 / 2021, 29 / 10 / 2021 
ENGLISH GRAMMAR
CH:7 MODAL VERBS
What are Modal Verbs?
Modal Verbs are a group of auxiliary (helping) verbs that are used to express a range of
functions, the chief of which are: ability, possibility, permission or obligation.

Example- You can pass if you study.
WATCH THE VIDEOS TO HELP US UNDERSTAND THE LESSON BETTER: 
 
 
EXPLAINED

1. Read and explained the the whole of chapter 7.

2. All the exercises from A to G.

3. The different classes of Modal Verbs.

4. The purpose of Modal Verbs.

5. The usage of Modal Verbs in a sentence .

6. The Negated Modal Verbs and Contraction.

7. Characteristics of Modal Verbs.

8. Modal Verbs and its Tenses.

MAIN TEACHING:

Oral and explanation online with some written work.
1. The using of the correct Modal Verbs in sentences.
2. The classification of different Modal Verbs.
3. All the exercises explained of chapter 7 with the help of images shown during the online class.
ASSIGNMENTS:
  • What are Modal Verbs? Explain with an example.

 R/44                                                          
 18 / 10 / 2021 
ENGLISH LITERATURE
Ch. 2 THE SILVER LINING
Written by Chaman Nahal
Synopsis of the Chapter.
‘The Silver Lining’ is a story written by an Indian English novelist Chaman Nahal.
Chaman Nahal - Alchetron, The Free Social Encyclopedia The Silver Lining' describes the story of a handicapped child and their parents' unhappy moments, until a guest who is similarly handicapped brings a ray of hope into their child's life. His views about judging a man's outward appearance is that 'A happy man who puts on an appearance of happiness may be crushed deeply within; while an idiot may be truly happy.'

EXPLAINED:
1. The revision of Ch 2 The Silver Lining.
2. All the notes revised of Ch 2 and the reference to context on the blog.
3. All the exercises revised that are on the blog along with some additional work.
4. The explanation of the chapter done thoroughly and also helped the students who were having difficulty with certain topics.

MAIN TEACHING:
Oral and explanation online with some written work.
1. Explanation of the story of 
The Silver Lining and the important words to know of Ch 2

ASSIGNMENTS:

  • Make sure all the notes are upto date and learnt well.
  • Learn all the question and answers, reference to context and exercises of Ch 2.
  • Learn all the words to know of Ch 2
NOW WATCH THE VIDEOS

 R/43                                                          
 06 / 10 / 2021 
ENGLISH LITERATURE
Ch. 1 A SHOT IN THE DARK
Synopsis of the Chapter.
‘A Shot in the Dark’ is a short story by British writer Hector Hugh Munro (1870 – 1916). He is also known by the pen name Saki.

‘A Shot in the Dark’ is the story of Philip Sletherby who has lately befriended Mrs. Saltpen Jago, an affluent and influential lady. Sletherby intends to achieve a position in society using Mrs. Jago’s influence.

On a train journey to meet Mrs. Jago, Sletherby gets a young unkempt man named Bertie, as his travelling companion. Bertie claims to be Mrs. Jago’s second son. But Sletherby has his own doubts as the crest on Bertie does not match with that of Mrs. Jago. Moreover, he is not able to tell the correct colour of his mother’s hair. Bertie also asks to borrow 3 pounds, which Sletherby promptly refuses.

But later, after reaching Mrs. Jago’s estate, he finds that there are two crests for Mrs. Jago’s estate, one matching with the one he had seen on Bertie. He also learns that Mrs Jago had of late, changed the colour of her hair!

EXPLAINED:
1. The revision of Ch 1 A Shot in the Dark.
2. All the notes revised of Ch 1 and the reference to context on the blog.
3. All the exercises revised that are on the blog along with some additional work.
4. The explanation of the chapter done thoroughly and also helped the students who were having difficulty with certain topics.

MAIN TEACHING:
Oral and explanation online with some written work.
1. Explanation of the story of 
A Shot in the Dark and the important words to know of Ch 1

ASSIGNMENTS:

  • Make sure all the notes are upto date and learnt well.
  • Learn all the question and answers, reference to context and exercises of Ch 1.
  • Learn all the words to know of Ch 1

 R/42                                                          
  06 / 10 / 2021 
ENGLISH POETRY
Poems 1, 2
Poem by Walt Whitman
Walt Whitman | Breaking Bad Wiki | Fandom
Walt Whitman (1819 - 1892) was a poet who worked as a journalist, a teacher and a
government clerk. His major work, Leaves of Grass, was a volume of poems that he
kept adding to throughout his life. He wrote in free verse and, although he did not
invent it, he is known as 'the father of free verse'. Whitman continues to be one of the
most influential American poets.
Top 5 Films Every Astronomy Student Should Watch - BookMyShow

NOW WATCH THE VIDEO

Poem 2
Rabindranath Tagore
Rabindranath Tagore is a poet from Bengal. Born in 1861 he wrote poems in Bangla and in English. Tagore was the only Indian to be awarded the Nobel Prize which he won in 1913 for literature for his collection of songs called Gitanjali. Tagore also had the honour of being the composer of the Indian National Anthem, 'Jana Gana Mana'.
Summary Of The Poem.
The poet is appealing to God to waken his countrymen to clear reason, truth and understanding. He is asking God to show people of the world the way to a better life. Speaking of freedom from colonization and what it takes to achieve that. The poet wants a place where people will be fearless.
 EXPLAINED: 

  1. Revision of poems 1, 2 .
  2. All notes revised of poems 1, 2 along with the reference to context question and answers.
  3. All the exercises from the reader and all the extended exercises given in the blog.
  4. Revision of all word meanings of poems 1, 2 on pgs 19, 24.
  5. The revision of the summary of the poems.

MAIN TEACHING 

Oral and explanation online with some written work

1. Explain the poems thoroughly. 

2. The summary of the poems with its meaning.

3. Meanings of the stanza’s in the poems.


ASSIGNMENTS
  • Make sure all the notes of poems 1, 2 are all upto date and learnt.
  • Learn all the words to know of poems 1, 2
  • Revise for the Half Yearly Examination in October.
NOW WATCH THE VIDEOS TO HELP YOU UNDERSTAND THE POEM BETTER.

 R/41                                                          
 05/10/2021 
ENGLISH LITERATURE
Chapter 3: THE WORLD-RENOWNED NOSE
Written by Vaikom Muhammad Basheer
Vaikom Muhammad Basheer: When brevity becomes soul of wit - The Week
Synopsis of the Chapter.
The World-Renowned Nose is a satire in which a person grows a nose to such a length that individuals who at the start saw it was revolted by the sight. The man's Nose became a supplier of despair and humility for him. Because of the Polemic nose, the young man became a millionaire, an actor, and a politician. Besides, his long nose brought him trouble also.
The author is making fun of the way in which we make heroes out of various people from different walks of life. It is easy for such people to gain prominent position in society. It is also easy for such people to fall from grace.

EXPLAINED:
1. The revision of Ch 3 The World-Renowned Nose.
2. All the notes revised of Ch 3 and the reference to context on the blog.
3. All the exercises revised that are on the blog along with some additional work.
4. The explanation of the chapter done thoroughly and also helped the students who were having difficulty with certain topics.

MAIN TEACHING:
Oral and explanation online with some written work.
1. Explanation of the story of 
The World-Renowned Nose and the important words to know of Ch 3.

ASSIGNMENTS:

  • Make sure all the notes are upto date and learnt well.
  • Learn all the question and answers, reference to context and exercises of Ch 3.
  • Learn all the words to know of Ch 3

 R/40                                                          
 04/10/2021 
ENGLISH GRAMMAR
CHS 5, 6
What is a Subject - Verb Agreement?
Subject - Verb Agreement simply means the subject and verb must agree in number. This means both need to be singular or both need to be plural.
EXAMPLE:- 
The student or the committee members write everyday.

NOW LET'S FIRST WATCH THESE VIDEOS TO HELP US UNDERSTAND THE LESSON BETTER:
subject verb agreement chart

CH- 6 Non-Finite Verbs
What are Non-finite Verbs?
Non-Finite Verbs are those verbs who's form is not bound or determined by the number and person of the subject in the sentence. Although they have the appearance of a verb, they do not perform the function of a verb and are used as nouns, adjectives or adverbs.
EXAMPLE:
She wants to go to England.
EXPLAINED:
1. Revision of Chs 5, 6.
2. Orally questions discussed with students that were having difficulty with certain topics.
3. All the exercises revised of Ch 5, 6

MAIN TEACHING:
Oral and Explanation Online with some written work.
1. Verbs explained in detail along with its uses.

ASSIGNMENTS:
Make sure all the exercises are upto date and revised thoroughly.
 

 R/39                                                          
 01/10/2021 
ENGLISH POETRY 
Poem 3 ON THE GRASSHOPPER AND CRICKET
Poem By John Keats
Theme: Nature
Let us first listen and understand the poem with correct pronunciation:
 ABOUT THE POET: 
John Keats (1795 - 1821), is considered one of the greatest of English poets. The son of a livery stable keeper, Keats attended school at Enfield, England. At the age of sixteen he was apprenticed to a surgeon. Keats gave up surgery to write poetry. His first volume of poems appeared in 1817. It included 'I Stood Tip-toe Upon a Little Hill', 'Sleep and Poetry', and the famous sonnet 'On First Looking Into Chapman's Homer'. In the selected poem we get a good idea of Keats' love for nature, and his knowledge of it at first hand.
 Summary Of The Poem 
This is a fine sonnet and symbolic poem in which the grasshopper is a symbol of hot summer and the cricket is of very cold winter. The poet showcases before the reader the constant music of nature. The poem depicts the continuity of the endless flow of sweet music irrespective of change of weather season or day – night.

 EXPLAINED: 

  1. Revision of poem 3 On the Grasshopper and Cricket.
  2. All notes revised of poem 3 along with the reference to context question and answers.
  3. All the exercises from the reader and all the extended exercises given in the blog.
  4. Revision of all word meanings of poem 3 on pg 40.
  5. The revision of the summary of the poem.

MAIN TEACHING 

Oral and explanation online with some written work

1. Explain the poem thoroughly. 

2. The summary of the poem with its meaning.

3. Meanings of the stanza’s in the poem.


ASSIGNMENTS
  • Make sure all the notes of poem 3 are all upto date and learnt.
  • Learn all the words to know of poem 3
  • Revise for the Half Yearly Examination in October.

 R/38                                                          
 29 / 09 / 2021 
ENGLISH COMPOSITION
Chapters- 12, 17 
REVISION
EXPLAINED:
1. Revision of Chs 12 and 17.
2. Exercised discussed with students that were having difficulty with certain topics.

MAIN TEACHING:
Oral and Explanation Online with some written work.
1. All the exercises of Chapters 12, 17 explained with demonstration via images.

ASSIGNMENTS:
  • Make sure all the exercises are upto date and revised.
  • Revise for the Half Yearly Examination in October.

CH 12
NOW WATCH THE VIDEO TO HELP YOU UNDERSTAND BETTER.

 
40+ Conjunctive Adverbs List in English for ESL Learners - English ...

CH 17

 R/37                                                          
 28/09/2021 
ENGLISH GRAMMAR
Ch. 4 VERBS
What is a Verb?
A word used to describe an action, state, or occurrence, and forming the main part of a sentence, such as hear, become, happen.
EXAMPLES:
a. She ironed her dress.
b. He drove to the mountains.

EXPLAINED:
1. Revision of Ch 4.
2. Orally questions discussed with students that were having difficulty with certain topics.
3. All the exercises revised of Ch 4
4. Revision of different types of Verbs used in sentences.

MAIN TEACHING:
Oral and Explanation Online with some written work.
1. Verbs explained in detail along with its uses.

ASSIGNMENTS:
  • Make sure all the exercises are upto date and revised thoroughly.

KSE Academy on Twitter: "ENGLISH VERB TENSES #english #tenses ...
WATCH THE VIDEOS TO HELP YOU BETTER UNDERSTAND THE EXERCISES:- 

 R/36                                                          
 27/09/2021 
ENGLISH LITERATURE
CH 5. DREAMING OF THE DAWN WALL
 SYNOPSIS OF THE CHAPTER: 

Dreaming of the dawn wall is the story of 2 Americans climbers Tommy Caldwell and Kevin Jorgeson who stayed together for a total of 19 days on the 3000 foot wall in California. They faced all the weather challenges but kept on climbing with their specially made rock shoes. In the end through all the hardships they carried on with dedication and perseverance and managed to complete the climb. 

NOW LET'S FIRST WATCH THESE VIDEOS TO HELP US UNDERSTAND THE LESSON BETTER:

 

EXPLAINED:
1. The revision of Ch 5 Dreaming of the dawn wall.
2. All the notes revised of Ch 5 and the reference to context on the blog.
3. All the exercises revised that are on the blog along with some additional work.
4. The explanation of the chapter done thoroughly and also helped the students who were having difficulty with certain topics.

MAIN TEACHING:
Oral and explanation online with some written work.
1. Explanation of the story of Dreaming of the dawn wall and the important words to know of Ch 5.

ASSIGNMENTS:

  • Make sure all the notes are upto date and learnt well.
  • Learn all the question and answers, reference to context and exercises of Ch 5.
  • Learn all the words to know of Ch 5 

 R/35                                                          
 24/09/2021 
English Composition
CH 18. The Sentence
What is a Simple Sentence?
A simple sentence contains a single, complete independent clause with one finite verb and a single subject.
EXAMPLE:
I saw the most amazing sights in India.

EXPLAINED:
1. The revision of Chapter.18.
2. All the exercises from A - J.

MAIN TEACHING:
Oral and explanation online with some written work.
1. Classification of sentences based on structure.
2. Different combinations of sentences and its uses.
3. All the exercises explained of chapter 18 with the help of images shown during the online class.
4. Students will interact during the online class.

ASSIGNMENTS:
  • Make sure all the exercises are upto date and revised.
  • Revise for the Half Yearly Examination in October.
participial phrase
Simple Sentence: Examples And Definition Of Simple Sentences - 7 E S L
Coordinating Conjunction: Definition, Examples Of Coordinators (FANBOYS) -  7 E S L
Subordinating-Conjunctions - Year 5
Compound-Complex Sentence Definition And Useful Examples - 7 E S L in 2020  | Compound complex sentence, Complex sentences, Writing complex sentences


 R/34                                                          
 22/09/2021 
ENGLISH POETRY
HOMELESS 
Poem 4 By Vikram Seth
ABOUT THE POET:
Vikram Seth was born on 20 June, 1952 in Kolkata, West Bengal. After completing his schooling in India, he moved to England to take his A Levels. He studied Philosophy, politics and Economics at Oxford University and then pursued a PhD in Economics at Stanford University. Seth is a novelist and poet. He has received several awards for his writing, including the Padma Shri in India and a CBE in the UK. His poetry is celebrated as a significant contribution to the Indian English language poetry canon. Seth now lives near Salisbury, England, and in Jaipur India.

Summary Of The Poem.
It describes the thoughts and feelings of a person who does not have a proper place to live of their own. The narrator envies people who live luxuriously in their own house with a sense of security and wishes that some day he would be able to do the same and provide security for his family even when he passes away.
First let us watch and listen attentively to this video to help us understand the poet and poem better.
EXPLAINED:

1. Revision of poem 4 Homeless.

2. All notes revised of poem 4 along with the reference to context question and answers.

3. All the exercises from the reader and all the extended exercises given in the blog.

4. Revision of all word meanings of poem 4 on pg 65.

5. The revision of the summary of the poem.


MAIN TEACHING 

Oral and explanation online with some written work

1. Explain the poem thoroughly. 

2. The summary of the poem with its meaning.

3. Meanings of the stanza’s in the poem.


ASSIGNMENTS
  • Make sure all the notes of poem 4 are all upto date and learnt.
  • Learn all the words to know of poem 4
  • Revise for the Half Yearly Examination in October.

 R/33                                                          
 21/09/2021 
ENGLISH GRAMMAR
Ch. 3 ADJECTIVES
What are Adjectives?
Adjectives are words that describes nouns. They typically serve as a modifier of a noun to denote a quality of the thing named, to indicate its quantity or extent, or to specify a thing as distinct from something else.
EXAMPLE:
~ The big dog chased the car.
~ The beautiful princess is wearing a purple gown.

EXPLAINED:
1. Revision of Ch 3.
2. Orally questions discussed with students that were having difficulty with certain topics.
3. All the exercises revised of Ch 3
4. Revision of different types of Adjectives used in sentences.

MAIN TEACHING:
Oral and Explanation Online with some written work.
1. Adjectives explained in detail along with its uses.

ASSIGNMENTS:
  • Make sure all the exercises are upto date and revised thoroughly.
NOW WATCH THE VIDEOS.

 R/32                                                          
 20/09/2021 
ENGLISH COMPOSITION
CH 20. SENTENCE CONSTRUCTION AND SYNTHESIS 
What is a sentence?
A sentence may be defined as a combination of words - groups (such as phrases and clauses), arranged in a particular order so as to make a statement, ask a question, utter an exclamation or express a command/request.
EXPLAINED:
1. Revision of ch 20 Sentence Construction and Synthesis.
2. All the exercises revised of pages 122 on wards.
3. The different types of errors of writing.
4. Revision of run on sentences and their corrections.
5. Revision of Comma/ Splice and its uses.
6. Simple and Complex Sentences  
NOW LETS WATCH THESE VIDEOS BELOW TO HELP US UNDERSTAND THE CHAPTER EVEN BETTER.
MAIN TEACHING:
Oral and Explanation Online with some written work.
1. All the exercises of Chapter 20 explained with demonstration via images.
2. Sentence construction and synthesis.

ASSIGNMENTS:
  • Make sure all the exercises are upto date and revised.
  • Revise for the Half Yearly Examination in October.

 R/31                                                          
 17/09/2021 
ENGLISH LITERATURE
CH- 6 THE ANT-LION
EXPLAINED:
1. The revision of Ch 6 The Ant Lion.
2. All the notes revised of Ch 6 and the reference to context on the blog.
3. All the exercises revised that are on the blog along with some additional work.
4. The explanation of the chapter done thoroughly and also helped the students who were having difficulty with certain topics.

MAIN TEACHING:
Oral and explanation online with some written work.
1. Explanation of the story of The Ant Lion and the important words to know of Ch 6.
ASSIGNMENTS:
  • Make sure all the notes are upto date and learnt well.
  • Learn all the question and answers, reference to context and exercises of Ch 6.
  • Learn all the words to know of Ch 6 

 R/30                                                          
 14 / 09 / 2021, 15 / 09 / 2021 
ENGLISH GRAMMAR
Ch. 2 PRONOUNS
What is a Pronoun?
A pronoun is a word that is used instead of a noun or a noun phrase.
For example -  He agreed to look after the baby.
EXPLAINED:
1. All the exercises revised of ch 2
2. Orally question are discussed if any of the students are having difficulty with.
3. The revision of classifications of different Pronouns.

MAIN TEACHING:
Oral and Explanation Online with some written work.

TOPIC:- Pronouns explained in detail along with its uses.
1. Personal Pronouns are used in a sentence or phrase that refers to a specific person or object.

ASSIGNMENTS:
Make sure all the exercises and definitions of Ch 2 Pronouns are updated and revised thoroughly.
NOW WATCH THE VIDEOS.

 R/29                                                          
 13/09/2021 
ENGLISH POETRY
POEM 6 THE WEST WIND
Poem By John Masefield
John Masefield

EXPLAINED

1. Revision of poem 6 The West Wind.

2. All notes revised of poem 6 along with the reference to context question and answers.

3. All the exercises from the reader and all the extended exercises given in the blog.

4. Revision of all word meanings of poem 6 on pg 96.

5. The revision of the summary of the poem.

MAIN TEACHING 

Oral and explanation online with some written work

1. Explain the poem thoroughly. 

2. The summary of the poem with its meaning.

3. Meanings of the stanza’s in the poem.


ASSIGNMENTS
  • Make sure all the notes of poem 6 are all upto date and learnt.
  • Learn all the words to know of poem 6
  • Revise for the Half Yearly Examination in October.

 R/28                                                           

 06/09/2021, 07/09/2021, 08/09/2021 
ENGLISH POETRY
POEM 5 THE LAST LESSON OF THE AFTERNOON
SUMMARY
The Last Lesson of the Afternoon by David Herbert Lawrence (1885-1930) expresses a mood of bitter desperation and disappointment at the lack of gratitude for a teacher’s work. The poet, who also happens a teacher, compares his students to hounds because they hate chasing knowledge. The teacher tried hard to motivate the students to learn, but he could not inspire them to learn. He feels that his teaching and the learning of the students are both useless because he can no longer haul them and urge them.

The poet describes very strongly what he feels and the inner turmoil he suffers. Finally, he thinks he won’t waste his soul and strength in teaching those students who show so much indifference to the study.
ABOUT THE POET
David Herbert Lawrence (1885-1930) was an author, poet and painter. He is better known for his novels than his poetry. However, his poetry is of very high quality too.

'Last Lesson of the Afternoon' (1912) was written by Lawrence at the time he was teaching in Croydon (near London). Lawrence became disillusioned with the work. In England at this time, the government had made education compulsory. Many pupils had no desire to learn, but were still forced to attend school. He felt their time at school was futile; and his time, too, trying to teach them, was a waste. So he abandoned teaching and became a full-time author.
EXPLAIN
1. Read and explain the poetry in detail.
2. The summary of the poem
3. Briefing of the poet D.H.Lawrence
4. Words to know on page:82
5. Fill in the blanks from the poem.
6. True and false.
7. The explanation of the notes of the chapter.
8. Reference to context question and answers

MAIN TEACHING
Oral and explanation online with some written work.
1. Explain the poem thoroughly.
2. The analysis of each stanza of the poem.
3. The meanings given in the poem.
ASSIGNMENTS
. Learn the fist 3 stanzas of the poem on page:80
. Learn all the words to know on page:82
. Learn the last 2 stanzas of the poem on pages:80,81
. Learn the following questions A-J
. Answer the following reference to context question and answers on page:83 Ex2 (A-C).
WATCH THE VIDEO TO HELP US UNDERSTAND THE LESSON BETTER.
A. Fill in the blanks with the words given from the poem:-
indifference, quarry, strength, description, weariness,
punishment, blotted, kindle, haul, abyss
a.   of their insults in __________? -- i will not!--
b.   a __________ of a dog, or if they cant?
c.   when will the bell ring, and end this __________?
d.   it all goes down the same __________.
e.   of several insults of __________ pages, and scrawl
f.    then again on a __________ of knowledge they hate to hunt,
g.   i shall keep my __________ for myself; they cant keep theirs as well.
h.   their dross of __________; and take the toll
i    and __________ my will to a flame that shall consume
j.   i can __________ them an urge them no more.

B. True and False:-
a. The gratitude of the students is what the poet is talking in this poem.
b.The poet feels anger and frustration towards the pupils.
c. David. H. Lawrence was a teacher before he became a poet.
d. He speaks of his pupils in a very kind manner with loving names.
e. By the end of the poem the teacher plans to give up teaching for good.

 R/27                                                           

 01/09/2021, 03/09/2021 
ENGLISH COMPOSITION
Chapter 4: CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
What are Conditional Sentences?
Conditional Sentences are statements discussing known factors or hypothetical situations and their consequences.
EXPLAIN
1. The whole of Chapter: 22
2. The different kinds of conditional sentences.
3. Joining of condition an result in a sentence.
4. The formation of complete and accurate conditional sentences.
5. Rewriting of sentences correctly.
6. All the exercises from A – D.
WATCH THE VIDEO TO HELP US UNDERSTAND THE LESSON BETTER.
MAIN TEACHING
Oral and explanation online with some written work.
1. Understanding of conditionals
2. Rewriting of sentences correctly
3. Filling in and forming complete accurate conditional sentences.
4. Completing of all exercises of Chapter: 22
5. All explanation done in class with the help of images and examples.
ASSIGNMENT

 R/26                                                           

 27/08/2021, 31/08/2021 
ENGLISH LITERATURE
Chapter 4: EXTREME WEATHER
Synopsis of the Chapter.
Extreme weather or extreme climate events includes unexpected, unusual, severe or
unseasonal weather that has been documented all around the world. The growing
evidence suggests that human-induced global warming is increasing the intensity of some extreme weather events. Extreme weather has significant impact on human society as well as natural ecosystems.

EXPLAINED:
1. The whole of Chapter 4.
2. Words to know on page 59.
3. Questions and answers on page 60.
4. The exercises on Idioms with its meanings.
5. How to answer questions with reference to context.
6. Fill in the blanks.
7. True or false.
8. Match the following.
9. Meanings from the dictionary.

MAIN TEACHING:
Oral and Explanation Online with some written work.
1. The different extreme weather conditions.
2. Climate change.
3. Natural disasters.
ASSIGNMENTS:
Read the full chapter.
Learn the first 6 words to know on page 59.
Learn the next 7 words to know on page 59.
Learn the last 6 words to know on page 59.

1. Answer the following questions. 
a) What are three ways of shielding themselves from the weather that humans have created?
b) How have satellites helped scientists to measure temperatures in remote areas?
c) In what ways are parts of the world 'hostile' to humans?
d) What are weather stations?
e) What are some of the ways we can find relief from very hot weather?
 f) Where and when was the hottest temperature recorded?
g) Why is it hard to live a normal life if the temperature gets extremely hot?
h) What is the average daily temperature in Oymyakon?
 i) What is the driest place on earth and what makes it so dry?
 j) What is unusual about the weather in the UK?
k) What are two positive things and two negative things about the large amount of rainfall in Meghalaya?
l) What is a rain shadow and what creates it?
m) Which two places mentioned in the text are affected by the mountains near them? How?
2. Answer the following questions with reference to context. 
The landscape is so arid that scientists are very interested in studying it - because it is the place on earth that is most similar to the conditions on the planet Mars.
a) What does arid mean?
b) What place is being described here?
c) Why might it surprise people to learn that there is a desert here?

3. Read the sentences below and then match the idioms in bold with the correct meaning. 
1. Anna isn't coming with us because she feels a little under the weather.
2. Don't worry about me, I'm as right as rain after my knee operation.
3. He has his head in the clouds if he seriously thinks he's going to get an award today.
4. I thought my cake would win the bake-off until Jo turned up with a triple chocolate gateau and stole my thunder.
5. I'm snowed under at work right now because two of my colleagues are on holiday.
6. It was awkward in my new class until Adam broke the ice by telling us a joke.
7. Our Science exam was a breeze. I'm sure i'll get top marks.
8. Thanks for inviting me to play tennis but I can't this week. Can I take a rain check on that?
9. The children were about to arrive for the party so she sat on the sofa with a cup of coffee enjoying the calm before the storm.
10. The project has been put on ice until our boss decides what to do next.

1. Decline something now but offer to do it at a later date
2.  Not feeling well
3. The quiet, peaceful period before a moment of great activity or mayhem
4. To be out of touch of reality; to have ideas that may not be sensible or practical
5. To be very easy to do
6. To feel fine and healthy
7. To have so much to do that you are having trouble doing it all
8. To postpone for another day
9. To say or do something to make someone feel relaxed or at ease in a social setting
10. When someone takes attention away from someone else.

ANSWERS:

1   - 2
2   - 6
3   - 4
4   - 10
5   - 7
6   - 9
7   - 5
8   - 1
9   - 3
10 - 8

4. True or False 
a) Each part of the planet has one similar climate. FALSE
b) The weather and extreme temperatures still create problems for mankind. TRUE
c) In some places in India, the temperature can reach 50 degrees centigrade. TRUE
d) Nothing - not even bacteria - lives in the middle of the Dasht-e Lut Desert. TRUE
e) Half of the land on earth is part of the desert biome and is very dry. FALSE
 f) In Meghalaya, India the average rainfall is over 11 metres. TRUE
g) In the UK the weather is always cold. FALSE
h) Satellite scans have an advantage over weather stations in another way. TRUE
 i) Life does not thrive in extreme temperature. TRUE
 j) The Antarctica region is a desert. FALSE
5. Fill in the blanks with the following words given. 
cold, sparsely, south, four, stations, storms,
winter, hottest, Sahara desert, spiders

a) In some places four seasons are easy to identify whilst others there is a sudden jump from winter to summer.
b) Humans have to contend with heat, cold , rain, wind, storms and more.
c) Weather stations have been set up all over the world.
d) In 2013, spiders rained down on a town in Brazil.
e) The hottest and coldest parts of the world are sparsely inhabited.
 f) The high temperature that day was partly due to winds from the south that blew in hot air from over the Sahara desert.

6. Match the following numbers with the alphabets taken from the chapter. 
a) Each part of the planet has its own cycles.
b) Data helps scientists to analyze
c) Where there is fresh water and trees
d) Life is tough in
e) Chile in South America

1. has a high plateau in the North of the country.
2. the coldest regions of Russia.
3. and predict the weather.
4. there can be some relief from the heat.
5. and variations in temperature.

ANSWERS:

a - 5
b - 3
c - 4
d - 2
e - 1

7. Learn the words and find meanings to the words given below from your dictionary. 
a) conditioning
b) spectacular
c) blizzard
d) bizarre
e) fascinating
 f) dehydration

 R/25                                                           

 23/08/2021, 24/08/2021, 25/08/2021 
ENGLISH GRAMMAR
CH- 6 Non-Finite Verbs
What are Non-finite Verbs?
Non-Finite Verbs are those verbs who's form is not bound or determined by the number and person of the subject in the sentence. Although they have the appearance of a verb, they do not perform the function of a verb and are used as nouns, adjectives or adverbs.
EXAMPLE:
She wants to go to England.
EXPLAINED:
1. The whole of Chapter.6.
2. All the exercises from A - F.
3. Different kinds of Non-finite verbs.
4. Structure of Infinitives.
5. Meaning of Split Infinitive.
6. The uses of Bare Infinitive.
7. Classification of Gerunds and its suitability in sentences.
8. The meaning of Participles with its different forms.
9. The usage of appropriate Non-finite verbs.
 
MAIN TEACHING:
Oral and explanation online with some written work.
1.The analysing of Non-finite verb in different participles of structure.
2. All the exercises explained of chapter 6 with the help of images shown during the online class.
3. The students will interact with discussion during the online class.

ASSIGNMENTS:
What are Non-finite verbs? explain with an example.

 R/24                                                          
 10/08/2021, 11/08/2021 
ENGLISH POETRY
POEM 6 THE WEST WIND
Poem By John Masefield
ABOUT THE POET

John Masefield (1878 - 1967) was born in England. Early on, Masefield embarked on a wandering life which took him to America. Before he reached his twentieth birthday he retired to England with a wealth of experience of people, places and life on the sea. He worked for some time for a newspaper, and in 1902 he began to write poems and stories. John became an internationally successful lecturer and was appointed as England’s poet laureate, a position he held for nearly forty years. He actively wrote and published until he was 88 years old.

SUMMARY OF THE POEM

In this poem, the poet describes with very poetic imagery of birds, how the west wind is different from other winds’ It’s a warm wind, full of bird’s cries….The voices seem to presume that the poet’s heart is sorrowful, bruised and sore. The poet is reminded of his homeland when he hears the west wind blowing. The west wind brings back memories of the beauties of nature, and seems to speak to him, calling him ‘brother’, to entice him home. The message is one which can be understood by any one who has been away from home for a long time.

EXPLAINED

1. Read and explained the chapter in detail.

2. Words to know on page 96.

3. Questions and answers on page 96.

4. Reference with context on page 96 and 97.

5. A briefing about the poet.

6. Fill in the blanks.

7. True or false.

8. The summary of the poem.

MAIN TEACHING 

Oral and explanation online with some written work

1. Explain the poem thoroughly. 

2. The summary of the poem with its meaning.

3. Meanings of the stanza’s in the poem. 


ASSIGNMENTS 

  • Learn the first three stanza’s of the poem on page 95.
  • Learn the last three stanza’s of the poem on page page 95.
  • Learn words to know on page 96.

1Answer the following questions

a) Why does the poet welcome the west wind?

b) What kind of life does the poet say he is leading at the time west wind is blowing?

c) What are the good things in the west which the poet is reminded about?

d) How do we know that the poet is from the west? Pick out the lines or phrases in the poem which tell us this.

e) What is the meaning of the following?

i) It’s song to a man’s soul, brother, fire to a man’s brain. 

ii) I never hear the west wind but tears are in my eyes.

f) What conclusion does the poet reach in the end?

g) Are there any words or phrases in the poem that tells us that the poet may have been tired of life?

2. Answer the following with reference to context.

a) I never hear the west wind but tears are in my eyes.

i) Why does the poet feel emotional when he hears the west wind.

ii) What other emotions does the west wind bring to the poet?

b) It’s April, and blossom time, and white is the may;

i) What is 'may'?

ii) What other attractive features of his home country does the poet go on to describe?


3. Fill in the blanks from the poem.

a) I never hear the west wind but ______ are in my eyes 

b) And ______ in the west wind, and ______

c) Apple ______ blossom there, 

d) It’s blue sky, and white ______, 

e) ______ are singing in the west 

f) Iv’e ___  ___ for bruised hearts,

g) It’s the white road ______ is the road I must tread 

h) To the ______, and the warm hearts.

i) In the fine land, the ______ land, the land where I belong.

4. True of False

a) The poet of this poem is James Masefield.

b) The poet is feeling home sick in this poem.

c) The poets heart is bruised and sore.

d) The poet wants to return to his homeland.

e) The poet feels very happy with the job he does.


 R/23                                                          
 03/08/2021, 04/08/2021, 06/08/2021 
CH: 21 TRANSFORMATION OF SENTENCES
ENGLISH COMPOSITION
What is Transformation?
Transformation is a method of expressing the same ides, meaning or concept in different grammatical forms. When sentences are transformed from one type to another, they essential meaning meaning does not change but the ranger and variety of sentence forms and structures reduce the monotony of a repetitive style.
EXPLAINED
1. The whole of chapter- 21.
2. Kinds of Transformation.
3. Changing of sentences from simple to compound.
4. How to change sentences from simple to complex ones..
5. Transformation of sentences as directed.
6. Changing of Degrees of Comparison .
7. Transforming affirmative sentences into Negative.
8. Transformation of Interrogative and Declarative sentences.
9. Transformation of Exclamatory and Declarative sentences.
10. Substitution of one part of speech for another.
MAIN TEACHING
Oral and explanation online with some written work.
1. Explain all the exercises of ch: 21.
2. The different forms of Transformation of sentences.
3. With the help of images explaining the whole chapter.
4. Making sure all the examples are discussed in the online class.
ASSIGNMENTS
WATCH THE VIDEOS TO HELP US UNDERSTAND THE LESSON BETTER.
 

 R/22                                                          
 30/07/2021, 02/08/2021 
ENGLISH LITERATURE
CH- 6 THE ANT-LION
EXPLAINED:
1. The whole of Chapter.6.
2. Words to know on pg- 90
3. Questions and answers on pg- 90
4. Reference to context questions and answers on pg- 91

MAIN TEACHING:
Oral and explanation online with some written work.
1. Explain the story.
2. Meanings given in the chapter.
3. The students will interact with discussion during the online class.
ASSIGNMENTS:
  • Read chapter 6 fully.
  • Learn all the words to know on pg- 90
  • Answer the following questions on pg- 90
  • Answer the following questions with reference to context on pg- 91

 R/21                                                          
 27/07/2021, 28/07/2021 
ENGLISH GRAMMAR
CH 5. SUBJECT - VERB AGREEMENT
What is a Subject - Verb Agreement?
Subject - Verb Agreement simply means the subject and verb must agree in number. This means both need to be singular or both need to be plural.
EXAMPLE:- 
The student or the committee members write everyday.

NOW LET'S FIRST WATCH THESE VIDEOS TO HELP US UNDERSTAND THE LESSON BETTER:
EXPLAINED:
1. The whole of Chapter 5.
2. The General Principles of Subject - Verb Agreement.
3. Agreement of Person of the Pronoun in the Present Tense.
4. Agreement of the Person of the Pronoun in the Past and Future Tenses.
5. Agreement in other constructions.
6. The appropriate form of verb to use in sentences.
7. How to spot errors and correct them.
8. Appropriate verbs to complete the information on the work of a traffic cop.
 
MAIN TEACHING:
Oral and Explanation Online with some written work. 
1. The different verb agreements.
2. The different tenses used in verb agreement.
3. Subject - Verb Agreement explained in detailed form along with images.
 
subject verb agreement chartASSIGNMENTS:
1. What is a Subject - Verb Agreement? Explain with an example.

ANSWER

Subject - Verb Agreement simply means the subject and verb must agree in number. This means both need to be singular or both need to be plural.

EXAMPLE:- 
The student or the committee members write everyday.
 
A. Choose the correct verb to complete the sentences given below.
1. The doctors as well as the nurses works/work hard day and night.
2. Either the painting or the jewel box were/was the gift.
3. The girls along with their parents walks/walk daily.
4. Only one of the shops have/has new books.
5. She is one of those students who attends/attend classes regularly.

ANSWERS
1. work
2. was
3. walk
4. has
5. attends

B. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate form of the verb be.
1. This basket of fruit ………………. to be given to the Dubeys.
2. The box of jewels ………………. stolen by an insider.
3. Rice and curry ………………. my favourite food.
4. Two thirds of the cake ………………. chocolate and the rest is cream.
5. Each of the participants in this show ………………. under fifteen.
7. The public ………………. up in arms because of poor facilities.
8. Fifty rupees ………………. not a big sum.
9. Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea ………………. written by Jules Verne.
10. My father and my uncle ………………. arriving tonight.
6. Neither he nor I ………………. to leave the room.

ANSWERS
1. is
2. was 
3. is
4. is
5. is
6. was 
7. was 
8. is
9. was
10. are 

C. A few of the sentences below have errors in them. Spot these and rewrite them correctly in your notebook.

1. The price of these items have risen.
2. Every one of the players deserve a prize.
3. Two and two makes four.
4. A series of matches is being played in this tournament.
5. There are no shortage of new jobs for young graduates.
6. Time and tide waits for none.
7. The coach and players is given refreshments after the match.
8. The principle along with the staff members is present in the hall.
9. Many a man have suffered due to illiteracy.
10. The jury have finally reached a decision.

ANSWERS
1. The price of these items has risen.
2. Every one of the players deserves a prize.
3. Two and two makes four.
4. A series of matches is being played in this tournament.
5. There is no shortage of new jobs for young graduates. 
6. Time and tide waits for none.
7. The coach and the players are given refreshments after the match.
8. The principal along with the staff members are present in the hall.
9. Many a man has suffered due to illiteracy.
10. The jury has finally reached a decision. 

D. Match columns A and B to complete the sentences.
COLUMN A                                          COLUMN B

     1. One of my childhood photos

(a)   Is going to the museum.

     2. Neither of these cameras

(b)   look really good on you.

     3. The number of cats on the roads

(c)   has been wasted.

     4. A hundred metres

(d)   were present at the party. 

     5. These jeans

(e)   works properly

     6. Each team

(f)   is missing.

     7. All my friends

(g)  is increasing alarmingly.

     8. Some of the food

(h)   are all over 60 years of age.

     9. My brother, along with his classmates,

(i)   isn’t far to walk.

     10. The members of the managing committee

(j)   wears a different colour


ANSWERS
1. One of my childhood photos is missing.
2. Neither of these cameras works properly.
3. The number of cars on the roads is increasing alarmingly.
4. A hundred metres isn’t far to walk.
5. These jeans look really good on you.
6. Each team wears a different colour.
7. All my friends were present at the party.
8. Some of the food has been wasted.
9. My brother along with his classmates is going to the museum.
10. The members of the managing committee are all over 60 years of age.

 E. Fill in the blanks below with appropriate verbs to complete the information on the work of a traffic cop.

Every officer ……………. to take special training for six months. Each day ……………. a different experience with different people, places and situations. Traffic officers ……………. to spend hours standing in the midst of noise and pollution, regardless of the weather. Traffic management ……………. one of the most stressful jobs a person can opt for. There ……………. also some amount of danger involved in the job. All officers ……………. to stay in touch with one another. 

A traffic cop often ……………. to step into quarrels that take place among drivers. While this ……………. not directly part of his duty, he cannot ignore it, as he ……………. to ensure that traffic flows smoothly all the time. This coordination ……………. vital in keeping roads free of jams and obstructions. Most of us ……………. not aware how important and difficult the work of a traffic cop is.


ANSWER

Every officer has to take special training for six months. Each day is a different experience with different people, places, and situations. Traffic officers have to spend hours standing in the midst of noise and pollution, regardless of the weather. Traffic management is one of the most stressful jobs a person can opt for. There is also some amount of danger involved in the job. All officers have to stay in touch with one another.

A traffic cop often has to step into quarrels that take place among drivers. While this is not directly part of his duty, he cannot ignore it, as he has to ensure that traffic flows smoothly all the time. This coordination is vital in keeping roads free of jams and obstructions. Most of us are not aware how important and difficult the work of a traffic cop is.

 R/20                                                          
 26/07/2021 
ENGLISH COMPOSITION
CH 20. SENTENCE CONSTRUCTION AND SYNTHESIS
 CONTINUATION 
Explanation of the remaining exercises below:-

ASSIGNMENTS:
E. Correct the errors in the sentences given below.
1.  We went shopping and bought a lot of fruit. Apples, oranges and grapes especially.
2.  We will meet at Mary's house for the party don't forget to bring the popcorn.
3.  You will not be allowed to enter the nightclub. Even though you may have an invitation.
4.  An old man. His hair grey and no teeth in his mouth.
5.  My younger brother loves to play the violin; he is a handsome boy.
6.  Even though this was the most difficult match we had ever played.
7.  This is an interesting book, anyone interested in reading it?
8.  There was complete silence all around me. Just couldn't fall asleep.
9.  I finished my work early the teacher allowed me to check my laptop.
10. I came to England after college to learn better English my parents were already here, they knew English already.

F. Rewrite the following paragraph, correcting all the errors of sentence construction.
I went for a drive today. In my new SUV. I drive very carefully usually almost got into a serious accident. A car suddenly jumped the red light, entered my lane. Luckily I was alert. honked my horn loudly to attract the other driver's attention he still stayed in my lane I had to swerve to the right at the last moment, almost crashed into a motor-cyclist. Who went onto the pavement and hit a pedestrian. The other car sped away, a police car chased after him. Caught up to him, took away his driving licence and made him pay a fine. A reckless driver indeed a danger to other drivers and pedestrians as well.

 R/19                                                          
 20/07/2021, 23/07/2021 
ENGLISH COMPOSITION
CH 20. SENTENCE CONSTRUCTION AND SYNTHESIS 
What is a sentence?
A sentence may be defined as a combination of words - groups (such as phrases and clauses), arranged in a particular order so as to make a statement, ask a question, utter an exclamation or express a command/request.
EXPLAINED:
1.   The whole of Chapter 20.
2.   Important features of a sentence.
3.   The role of a sentence in effective writing expression.
4.   Combination of Simple and Complex sentences.
5.   Common errors in sentence construction.
6.   Types of sentence fragment errors in writing.
7.   The permissible use of sentence fragments.
8.   The correction of sentence fragments.
9.   The understanding of Run-on sentence.
10. Correction of Run-on sentence errors.
11. Meaning of Comma/Splice and its uses.
NOW LETS WATCH THESE VIDEOS BELOW TO HELP US UNDERSTAND THE CHAPTER EVEN BETTER.
MAIN TEACHING:
Oral and Explanation Online with some written work.
1. All the exercises of Chapter 20 explained with demonstration via images.
2. Sentence construction and synthesis.

ASSIGNMENTS:
1. What is a sentence?
A. In the paragraph given below write (S) after each item if it is a complete sentence and (F) if it is a sentence fragment.
(a) Ravi bought some stationery items from the store. ........................... (b) Pens and pencils. ................ (c) Also erasers. ............ (d) He didn't have enough money to pay for them. .......... (e) He felt really embarrassed. .......... (f) Couldn't speak clearly. .............. (g) Stammered and stuttered in shame. ............. (h) He was reassured by the shopkeeper. ................. (i) Who told him to pay him later. ............. (j) "I really appreciate this," Ravi told him. ..............

ANSWERS
a. Sentence b. Fragment c. Fragment d. Sentence e. Sentence f. Fragment g. Fragment h. Sentence i. Fragment j. Sentence. 

B. Rewrite the paragraph given below, making whatever adjustments you feel necessary to remove sentence fragments without changing the meaning of the paragraph.
I have been spending a lot of time with my older brother. Jack. An accomplished public speaker. Captain of his college debating team. Member of the local 'Toastmaster's Club'. He is sure to be selected to represent the club at the national Toastmaster's Convention. In Delhi. December this year. He spends a lot of time sharpening his speaking skills. At the same time doesn't neglect his college work. He has promised to help me prepare for my inter-house debating competition. Teaching me a number of useful skills. Repartee. Logical development of my arguments and how to capture the attention of an audience. A great guy to display so much interest in me.

ANSWER
I have been spending a lot of time with my older brother, Jack, an accomplished public speaker. He is captain of his college debating team as well as a member of the local ‘Toastmaster’s Club’. He is sure to be selected to represent the club at the national Toastmaster’s Convention in Delhi in December this year. He spends a lot of time sharpening his speaking skills but at the same time, he doesn’t neglect his college work. He has promised to help me prepare for my inter-house debating competition by teaching me a number of useful skills such as repartee, the logical development of my arguments, and how to capture the attention of an audience. He is a great guy to have displayed so much interest in me. 
C. Beside each of the sentences given below write (RO) if the sentence is a Run-On sentence and (NR) if it is not.
1. It was raining heavily; they had to run for shelter. .....................
2. As he was was not suitably qualified, he could not get the job. .....................
3. The principle congratulated my class we had won the inter-class debate. ..............
4. You must leave now you will be late for the concert. ......................
5. He is very ill he has come to participate in the concert. ...................
6. He has not been to America nor has he been to Europe. .................

ANSWERS
1. Run-on 
2. NR
3. Run-oN
4. Run-on
5. Run-on
6. NR 
D. In the blank spaces at the end of each of the items given below write (F) if it is a sentence fragment, (R) if it is a run-on sentence and (C) if it is a comma splice. (Some of the items may be complete sentences.)
1.   The test was difficult but I managed to score an A grade .....................
2.   Though she promised to remain calm ......................
3.   Jane stopped for a while, she then began running again ..............
4.   Probably two or three hours, depending on how fast he drives ......................
5.   The popular singer left early; he had to make an appearance elsewhere ...................
6.   We met in her office, which was on the third floor of the building .....................
7.   It was the driver of our car that came to return the car keys .....................
8.   It is important to spend time studying, however, rest and recreation are also important .....................
9.   You should quit smoking it is an expensive, unhealthy habit .....................
10. Looking through all the notes in his file, he finally found one he needed and began to study seriously for the test that was to be held the next day .....................

ANSWERS
1. Complete
2. F
3. C
4. F
5. R
6. Complete
7. F
8. C
9. C
10. Complete 
E. Correct the errors in the sentences given below.
1.  We went shopping and bought a lot of fruit. Apples, oranges and grapes especially.
2.  We will meet at Mary's house for the party don't forget to bring the popcorn.
3.  You will not be allowed to enter the nightclub. Even though you may have an invitation.
4.  An old man. His hair grey and no teeth in his mouth.
5.  My younger brother loves to play the violin; he is a handsome boy.
6.  Even though this was the most difficult match we had ever played.
7.  This is an interesting book, anyone interested in reading it?
8.  There was complete silence all around me. Just couldn't fall asleep.
9.  I finished my work early the teacher allowed me to check my laptop.
10. I came to England after college to learn better English my parents were already here, they knew English already.

ANSWERS
1. We went shopping and bought a lot of fruits, especially apples, grapes, and oranges.
2. We will meet at Mary’s house for the party. Don’t forget to bring the popcorn.
3. You will not be allowed to enter the nightclub even though you have an invitation.
4. The old man’s hair is grey, and he has no teeth in his mouth.
5. My younger brother is a handsome boy, who loves to play the violin.
6. This was the most difficult match we had ever played.
7. This is an interesting book. Is anyone interested in reading it?
8. I just couldn’t fall asleep since there was complete silence all around me.
9. Since I finished early, my teacher allowed me to check my laptop.
10. I came to England after college to learn better English. Since my parents were here already, they knew English. 

F. Rewrite the following paragraph, correcting all the errors of sentence construction.
I went for a drive today. In my new SUV. I drive very carefully usually almost got into a serious accident. A car suddenly jumped the red light, entered my lane. Luckily I was alert. honked my horn loudly to attract the other driver's attention he still stayed in my lane I had to swerve to the right at the last moment, almost crashed into a motor-cyclist. Who went onto the pavement and hit a pedestrian. The other car sped away, a police car chased after him. Caught up to him, took away his driving licence and made him pay a fine. A reckless driver indeed a danger to other drivers and pedestrians as well.


 R/18                                                          
 16/07/2021, 19/07/2021 
ENGLISH POETRY
HOMELESS 
Poem 4 By Vikram Seth
ABOUT THE POET:
Vikram Seth was born on 20 June, 1952 in Kolkata, West Bengal. After completing his schooling in India, he moved to England to take his A Levels. He studied Philosophy, politics and Economics at Oxford University and then pursued a PhD in Economics at Stanford University. Seth is a novelist and poet. He has received several awards for his writing, including the Padma Shri in India and a CBE in the UK. His poetry is celebrated as a significant contribution to the Indian English language poetry canon. Seth now lives near Salisbury, England, and in Jaipur India.

Summary Of The Poem.
It describes the thoughts and feelings of a person who does not have a proper place to live of their own. The narrator envies people who live luxuriously in their own house with a sense of security and wishes that some day he would be able to do the same and provide security for his family even when he passes away.
First let us watch and listen attentively to this video to help us understand the poet and poem better.
EXPLAINED:
1. Read and explain the full poem on Page 64 in detail.
2. Words to know on Page 65.
3. How to answer the questions on Page 65. Ex 1.
4. How to answer questions with reference to context on Page 65 + 66.
5. A briefing about the poet.
6. Fill in the blanks.
7. True or false.
8. Find meanings to words from the dictionary and learn them.

MAIN TEACHING:
Oral and Explanation Online with some written work.
  1. Explain the poem thoroughly.
  2. The summary of the poem with its meaning. 
ASSIGNMENTS:
  • Learn the 1st stanza which consists of 8 lines of the poem on Page 64.
  • Learn the 2nd stanza which consists of 8 lines of the poem on Page 64.
  • Learn all the words to know on Page 65.
  • Write the summary of the poem.
1. Answer the following questions.
a.  Who is homeless?
b.  Who is envied?
c.  List three things that the homeless character wishes to have now.
d.  What are the three future events that the homeless character wishes for?
e.  How is the homeless character treated by others?
 f.  What does the word 'untenured' mean? Is anyone or anything's place on earth permanent?
g.  What does Seth mean when he uses the metaphor 'strangers' shells'?
h.  Do you like the poem? Say why you like or dislike the poem.

2. Answer the following questions with reference to context.
a. Who can say that their feet
  rest on what is theirs alone.

 i. List the pronouns used in these lines.
ii. Which words has Seth used that are often used in questions?
iii. Explain what these lines could mean. 

b.  To know that I'll never have to move 
  to review seasons from one lair.

 i. What does Seth mean by 'Lair'? Use a dictionary to explore the different meanings of this word. 
ii.  What does Seth mean by 'review seasons'?
iii. Discuss the meanings of the lines as separate sentences and as one continuous sentence, Can they be interpreted differently?

c.  That things will not revert to a stranger's hand 
  That those I love, may keep what I have kept.

i.  Have you noticed that Seth has used the same technique in these lines and the ones above? What is the technique called?
ii.  Explain what is meant in these lines.
iii. Could Seth be talking about things other than material goods? What things might a person have that they would like to pass on to 'those they love'?

3. Fill in the blanks.
a. Who have a ........... of their own, 
b. Who do not live on ........ in ........... shells, 
c. A place on earth ......... , solid, ........, grass. air:
d. When the ........ comes to lie down in .......
e. That things will not ........ to a ........ hand
f. That those I ........., may keep what I have kept. 

4. True or false.
1. The poem is called Hopeless.
2. The poet is Vikram Sheik.
3. The poem is about someone that does not have his own house.
4. The narrator wants to buy his own house and when he dies he wants to leave it for his family.
5. The poet is envious of people that own their own houses.

5. Learn the words and find the meaning to the words below from the dictionary.
1. Probably 
2. Review  
3. Peace
4. Seasons
5. Solid

 R/17                                                          
 13/07/2021, 14/07/2021 
ENGLISH GRAMMAR
Ch. 4 VERBS
 CONTINUATION 
C. Fill in the blanks with the simple present or present continuous form of the verbs given in brackets.
1. I'm ......................... (write) a letter to my friend.
2. Normally it doesn't ......................... (rain) in this part of the country, but it ......................... (rain) quite hard now.
3. Since the sun ......................... (rise) in the east and since it is behind us now, we ......................... (travel) west.
4. She  ......................... (want) a new phone, so she ......................... (save) up to buy one.
5. Where is Rajat? He ......................... (be) in the kitchen. He ......................... (bake) a cake.
6. Anil ......................... (wash) his car now, so he can't ......................... (help) you with your homework.
7. I ......................... (work) as a journalist with Hindustan weekly.
8. My mother usually ......................... (enjoy) detective stories, but she ......................... (not like) the one she ......................... (read) now.
9. I cannot ......................... (disturb) her now, she ......................... (play).
10. Why ......................... (not drink) your coffee, it ......................... (get) cold.

D. Fill in the blanks with the present prefect of the verb given in brackets.
1. She ......................... Mother that she is going to the party. (tell)
2. ......................... you ......................... our new sports teacher? (meet)
3. What are you going to do? ......................... you ......................... ? (decide)
4. She ......................... yet ......................... all her birthday presents. (not open)
5. Why ......................... they ......................... the main street again? (block)
6. I ......................... (be) to Mumbai several times. I love the city.
7. Delhi government ......................... (work) hard to make it a nicer place to live.
8. I miss my family I ......................... (not see) them for a month.
9. Fatima ......................... (pay) the electricity bills already.
10. ......................... you ever ......................... (drive) a car before?

E. Complete and match the sentences in Column B with those in Column A. Use present perfect tense and alreadyjust or yet wherever necessary.

F. Put the verbs given in brackets in the blanks. Use the present perfect continuous tense of the verb.
1. Natasha ............................... the piano since she was four. (play)
2. I ............................... in the rain, so my clothes are wet. (walk)
3. He ............................... excuses for a long time now. (make)
4. How long ............................... you ............................... Chinese? (learn)
5. They ............................... here since 2001. (live)
6. Mrs Rao ............................... for two hours now. (teach)
7. The government ............................... hard to tackle terrorism. (work)
8. We ............................... to solve this problem since yesterday. (try)

G. Match the three columns correctly to make meaningful and grammatically correct sentences.

Column A

Column B

Column C

1. Shakespeare

a. awarded

i. independence in the year 1962.

2. Our maths teacher

b. originated

ii. into our house last night.

3. The curious bird dodo

c. were 

iii. the park despite protests.

4. The game of chess

d. gave 

iv. in the year 1616.

5. Algeria

e. closed

v.  extinct around 1681.

6. The court

f. broke

vi. trapped in the avalanche.

7. Thirty skiers

g. died

vii. us a surprise test today.

8. The municipality

h. gained

viii. life sentence to the criminal

9. Thieves

i. became

ix. in India

 R/16                                                          
 09/07/2021, 12/07/2021 
ENGLISH LITERATURE
CH 5. DREAMING OF THE DAWN WALL
 SYNOPSIS OF THE CHAPTER: 

Dreaming of the dawn wall is the story of 2 Americans climbers Tommy Caldwell and Kevin Jorgeson who stayed together for a total of 19 days on the 3000 foot wall in California. They faced all the weather challenges but kept on climbing with their specially made rock shoes. In the end through all the hardships they carried on with dedication and perseverance and managed to complete the climb. 

NOW LET'S FIRST WATCH THESE VIDEOS TO HELP US UNDERSTAND THE LESSON BETTER:

 

EXPLAINED:

1. The whole of Chapter 5.

2. Words to know on Page 73.

3. Questions and answers on Page 74.

4. Reference to context Questions and Answers page 74.

5. Fill in the blanks.

6. True or False.


MAIN TEACHING:

Oral and explanation online with some written work.

1. Explain the story.

2. Accomplishment and Perseverance.

3. Try till you succeed.

4. Meanings given in the chapter.

ASSIGNMENTS:

  • Read Chapter 5 fully.
  • Learn the first 8 words to know on Page 73.
  • Learn the last 8 words to know on Page 73.

1. Answer the following questions.

a. Why is Yosemite a popular place for tourists?

b. What are the names of the two climbers?

c. How old was Tommy Caldwell when he achieved his dream of climbing the Dawn Wall?

d. What is a monolith?

e. What do we learn about El Captain?

f. What makes the Dawn Wall so difficult to free climb?

g. Why did Caldwell ask the doctors to take off the top of his finger?

h. What skills do you need to be a successful climber?

i. What are the main differences between free climbing and aid climbing?

j. What metaphor is used at the end of the penultimate paragraph and what does it mean? 

k. What impact did the experience of being held hostage have on Tommy Caldwell? Think of positive and negative things.

l. Why do you think Tommy Caldwell waiter for Kevin Jorgeson when he was stuck on pitch 15?

2. Answer the following with reference to context.

a. Over the next few years Tommy trained hard and made his mark in the climbing world.

  i.  What had Tommy Caldwell achieved before this?

 ii.  What training did Caldwell undertake?

iii.  What other events helped Caldwell develop his climbing ability?

iv.  What is meant by ‘made his mark’?


b. He asked the doctors to remove the tip and, with the help of his father, worked on making his hands stronger than ever before.  

  i. Why did Tommy Caldwell ask the doctors to do this?

 ii. In what other ways did Tommy Caldwell’s father help him?

iii. Why did Tommy Caldwell need to make ‘his hands stronger than ever before’?


c. For ten days Kevin was stuck on pitch 15. 

  i.  Who is Kevin?

 ii.  What does ‘Kevin was stuck on’ mean?

iii.  What were the consequences of getting stuck for ten days?

3. Fill in the blanks with the following words given.

milliseconds, competition, Tommy’s, Yosemite, attributes,

Kevin, Matterhorn, eighteen, edges, sew

a. Yosemite is known worldwide. 

b. Tommy has all of these attributes .

c. When Tommy was fourteen he climbed Mont Blanc and the Matterhorn .

d. Tommy signed up for a climbing competition.

e. Free climbers struggle to find edges .

f.  Tommy’s dream was to free climb the whole route in one trip.

g. The doctors were able to sew his finger back together.

h. For a few milliseconds the climber is high above the earth.

i. For ten days Kevin was stuck on pitch 15.

j. The climb up the Dawn Wall had taken nearly eighteen days.

4. True or False.

a. Yosemite is a United Nations World Heritage siteTRUE

b. Rock climbing is an activity that many people hate. FALSE

c. Tommy was born in Australia. FALSE

d. Kevin Jorgeson was Tommy’s climbing partner. TRUE

e. Tommy trains his muscles with weights. TRUE

f. Free climbing is climbing with all the equipment. FALSE

g. Yosemite is a dream destination for rock climbers TRUE

h. Tommy and three other climbers were held hostage. TRUE

i. Tommy gave up rock climbing after the top of his finger was chopped off accidentally. FALSE

j. Kevin made it through pitch 15 on the 9th of January. TRUE

 R/15                                                          
 06/07/2021, 07/07/2021 
ENGLISH GRAMMAR
Ch. 4 VERBS
What is a Verb?
A word used to describe an action, state, or occurrence, and forming the main part of a sentence, such as hear, become, happen.
EXAMPLES:
a. She ironed her dress.
b. He drove to the mountains.

EXPLAINED:
1. The whole of Chapter 4.
2. What are verbs with its various tenses and different aspects.
3. The uses and meanings expressed by different verbs of the Present, Past and Future form.
4. The making of meaningful and grammatically correct sentences.
5. The usage of appropriate verbs to complete sentences.
6. The present, past and past participle of verbs.

KSE Academy on Twitter: "ENGLISH VERB TENSES #english #tenses ...
MAIN TEACHING:
Oral and Explanation Online with some written work.
1. Verb explained in detailed form along with its uses.
2. Present, past and future tense of verbs in grammar.

ASSIGNMENTS:
1. What are verbs? Explain with 2 examples in sentence form.

A word used to describe an action, state, or occurrence, and forming the main part of a sentence, such as hear, become, happen.

Examples:
  • Mark eats his dinner quickly.
  • We went to the market.
WATCH THE VIDEOS TO HELP YOU BETTER UNDERSTAND THE EXERCISES:- 

A. Find the errors in the following sentences and correct them.
1. We are playing tennis every Sunday.
We play tennis every Sunday.
2. I own two dogs and a cat. I loved animals.
I own two dogs and a cat. I love animals.
3. My suitcase is weighing four kilos.
4. When Mary come in i talked to mother on the phone.
5. We pass the hotel two minutes ago.

B. Read the sentences given below and say what kind of meaning is expressed by the use of the simple present tense.
1.   Police nab antiques smuggler. ..........................................................................................
2.   Penguins live in the Antarctic.  .........................................................................................
3.   I believe it is the right thing to do......................................................................................
4.   I never have aerated drinks ...............................................................................................
5.   We play badminton every Tuesday.  .................................................................................
6.   The President declares a compensation of two lakh rupees to each of the injured persons in the accident.............................................................................................................
7.   It rains every afternoon this season..................................................................................
8.   Our flight is at 6:30 tomorrow evening..............................................................................
9.   Water freezes at zero degree..............................................................................................
10. Our holiday starts on 15th June.........................................................................................

C. Fill in the blanks with the simple present or present continuous form of the verbs given in brackets.
1. I'm ......................... (write) a letter to my friend.
2. Normally it doesn't ......................... (rain) in this part of the country, but it ......................... (rain) quite hard now.
3. Since the sun ......................... (rise) in the east and since it is behind us now, we ......................... (travel) west.
4. She  ......................... (want) a new phone, so she ......................... (save) up to buy one.
5. Where is Rajat? He ......................... (be) in the kitchen. He ......................... (bake) a cake.
6. Anil ......................... (wash) his car now, so he can't ......................... (help) you with your homework.
7. I ......................... (work) as a journalist with Hindustan weekly.
8. My mother usually ......................... (enjoy) detective stories, but she ......................... (not like) the one she ......................... (read) now.
9. I cannot ......................... (disturb) her now, she ......................... (play).
10. Why ......................... (not drink) your coffee, it ......................... (get) cold.

D. Fill in the blanks with the present prefect of the verb given in brackets.
1. She ......................... Mother that she is going to the party. (tell)
2. ......................... you ......................... our new sports teacher? (meet)
3. What are you going to do? ......................... you ......................... ? (decide)
4. She ......................... yet ......................... all her birthday presents. (not open)
5. Why ......................... they ......................... the main street again? (block)
6. I ......................... (be) to Mumbai several times. I love the city.
7. Delhi government ......................... (work) hard to make it a nicer place to live.
8. I miss my family I ......................... (not see) them for a month.
9. Fatima ......................... (pay) the electricity bills already.
10. ......................... you ever ......................... (drive) a car before?

E. Complete and match the sentences in Column B with those in Column A. Use present perfect tense and already, just or yet wherever necessary.

F. Put the verbs given in brackets in the blanks. Use the present perfect continuous tense of the verb.
1. Natasha ............................... the piano since she was four. (play)
2. I ............................... in the rain, so my clothes are wet. (walk)
3. He ............................... excuses for a long time now. (make)
4. How long ............................... you ............................... Chinese? (learn)
5. They ............................... here since 2001. (live)
6. Mrs Rao ............................... for two hours now. (teach)
7. The government ............................... hard to tackle terrorism. (work)
8. We ............................... to solve this problem since yesterday. (try)

G. Match the three columns correctly to make meaningful and grammatically correct sentences.

Column A

Column B

Column C

1. Shakespeare

a. awarded

i. independence in the year 1962.

2. Our maths teacher

b. originated

ii. into our house last night.

3. The curious bird dodo

c. were 

iii. the park despite protests.

4. The game of chess

d. gave 

iv. in the year 1616.

5. Algeria

e. closed

v.  extinct around 1681.

6. The court

f. broke

vi. trapped in the avalanche.

7. Thirty skiers

g. died

vii. us a surprise test today.

8. The municipality

h. gained

viii. life sentence to the criminal

9. Thieves

i. became

ix. in India


H. Put in simple past and past continuous forms of the verbs given in brackets appropriately in the blanks in the following sentences:

1. While I .................. (have) tea, the dog .................... (jump) on the table.
2. When Rajiv .................. (talk) on the phone, someone .................. (pick) his pocket.
3. While we .................. (watch) the movie, someone .................. (steal) our car.
4. When I .................. (enter), they .................. (discuss) the science project.
5. Harish .................. (meet) Anita while he .................. (travel) to Delhi from Kolkata.

I. Fill in the blanks with the past perfect forms of the verbs given in brackets.
1. By the time he arrived at the party, Sabina .................. already .................... (leave)
2. When we got home last night, we found that somebody .................. one of the windows. (break)
3. He could not recognize the woman who smiled a him because he .................. her before. (not see)
4. Last year we went to Venice. We .................... the city when we went to Italy five years ago. (not visit)
5. The house was very quiet when i reached home. Everybody .................. to bed (go).
6. The shopkeeper gave me some money back as I .................. him extra by mistake. (pay)
7. When we visited our village after twenty years, we found that everything ...................(change)
8. The engineer opened up the machine only after he .................. carefully .................. it from the electrical point (disconnect)

J. Complete the following, using the past perfect continuous tense.
1. Her interview was quite good because she ............................ (prepare) for it for two weeks, She ............ also ........................... (work) on the questions that might be asked.
2. The boys came into the house an hour later with their clothes torn and their hair in a mess. I knew that they ........................... (fight).
3. We were exhausted at the end of the journey, as we ........................... (travel) the whole day.
4. The teacher scolded him when she realized that he ........................... (not pay) attention in class.
5. I looked at her and it seemed to me that she ........................... (cry)

K. Use going to with the appropriate verb to complete the sentences below.
dine         sell             paint                tear
visit        build            fall                   call

1. This bag is not too strong; it is ........................ .
2. I've bought some colours; I'm ........................ .
3. He wants to invite his sister to the party; he's ........................ her.
4. We have some time free; we are ........................ the museum.
5. This house is very old; the owner is ........................ it soon.
6. A new restaurant has just opened; she is ........................ there tonight.
7. Amex Builders say that they are ........................ 500 new flats.
8. She is working too hard; she is ........................ ill this way.

L. Make correct sentences as directed. Use simple present to refer to the future.

Flights departing and arriving at Malpensa airport | Milan ...
1. The flight/leave/at 9:30 a.m. (positive)
2. At what/time/the/movie/start (interrogative)
3. The flight/not leave/ for an hour/yet (negative)
4. We/have/a test/on Thursday (interrogative)
5. This/term/end/on March 15 (positive)
6. At what/time/you arrive/in Singapore (interrogative)
7. The/market/close/at 4 p.m./tomorrow (positive)
8. Make/sure that the/patient/not leave/the bed (negative)

M. Complete the following sentences, using the future continuous form.
1. Deb is going to join his father's business after school. Five years from now he........................(run) a successful company and we are sure he........................(earn) a lot of money too.
2. ........................you.............................(discuss) the issue of clan drinking water with the mayor too?
3. They...............................(watch) television if you visit them between eight and nine.
4. She............................(vacate) this house next Saturday.
5. I..............................(write) to Krishnan soon to tell him of our plan.
6. He.............................(arrive) in Madurai at about ten tomorrow morning.
7. ...............you........................(need) the car because I have to go to the community centre for an hour?
8. Next Sunday, I................................(spend) the entire day cleaning my garage.
9. The President will first visit the Prime Minister's residence where he........................(have) dinner with the family.
10.She.................................(have) breakfast between 8 and 9 o’clock.

N. Complete the following sentences with the future perfect form of the verbs given in the box.
disappear     clear           leave            start
receive         finish          strike           enter
1. Do not worry about the books; you ........................ all of them by Wednesday.
2. We can't expect to meet them if we reach after four; they ........................ by then.
3. By next Friday, the workers ........................ work for eight days.
4. By the time you visit again, all these lovely old buildings .......................... .
5. The development authority says that they ............................ construction work on three flyovers by next month.
6. By day after tomorrow, I ................................ a new novel.
7. In another few minutes, the army ................................ the enemy zone.
8. Don't worry, in another half an hour the police .......................... the jam.

O. FiIl in the blanks with the future perfect continuous form of the verbs.
1. Come July and we ................................ here for twenty years (live)
2. By the end of this term, Mr Bhatia ................................ in this company for fifteen years. (work)
3. By the end of this month, the construction of our house ................................ on for five years. (go)
4. By the end of this week, Ms Mohan ............................ us this topic for more than ten days. (teach)
5. When the time of submission comes, she ................................ on her EVS project for more than three months. (work)

P. Fill in the blanks with the tense of the verb indicated in the brackets.
Schools ................ (begin) (present perfect) tapping into grandparents as a resource in several ways. At a school in Chennai, grandparents ............ (come) (present simple) in for career counseling sessions as teachers ............ (feel) (present simple) they ............... (be) (future simple) able to guide children better. A couple of years ago, the school ................ (send) (past simple) out forms to grandparents of students asking for their interests, specializations, and job history, and then ................ (call)(past simple) them to run sessions on subjects of their choice. Recently Jayaraman, a retired marketing professional and a grandpa, ............... (speak) (past simple) to students about marketing. "I .............. (want) (past simple) to tell children that they ................ (feel) (future simple) more confident and happy if they ................ (make) (simple present) their own making career decisions."

 R/14                                                          
 02/07/2021, 05/07/2021 
ENGLISH POETRY 
ON THE GRASSHOPPER AND CRICKET
Poem By John Keats
Theme: Nature
Let us first listen and understand the poem with correct pronunciation:
 ABOUT THE POET: 
John Keats (1795 - 1821), is considered one of the greatest of English poets. The son of a livery stable keeper, Keats attended school at Enfield, England. At the age of sixteen he was apprenticed to a surgeon. Keats gave up surgery to write poetry. His first volume of poems appeared in 1817. It included 'I Stood Tip-toe Upon a Little Hill', 'Sleep and Poetry', and the famous sonnet 'On First Looking Into Chapman's Homer'. In the selected poem we get a good idea of Keats' love for nature, and his knowledge of it at first hand.
 Summary Of The Poem 
This is a fine sonnet and symbolic poem in which the grasshopper is a symbol of hot summer and the cricket is of very cold winter. The poet showcases before the reader the constant music of nature. The poem depicts the continuity of the endless flow of sweet music irrespective of change of weather season or day – night.
 EXPLAINED: 
  1. Read and explain the poem in detail.
  2. Words to know on Page 40.
  3. How to answer the questions of Ex 1 on Page 40.
  4. A briefing about the poet.
  5. How to answer questions with reference to context.
  6. How to correct spelling mistakes.
  7. Fill in the blanks.
  8. True or False.
  9. Find the meanings of words from the dictionary. 
 MAIN TEACHING: 
Oral and Explanation Online with some written work.
Explain the poem thoroughly.
The summary of the poem with its meaning.

 ASSIGNMENTS: 
  1. Learn the first 5 lines of the poem on page 39.
  2. Learn the next 5 words to know on page 40.
  3. Learn the last 5 lines of the poem on Page 39.
  4. Learn the last 4 lines of the poem on page 39.
  5. Write the summary of the poem.
1. Answer the following questions.
a. Which line in the poem is similar to the first and expresses the same idea?
b. Whose voice will run from hedge to hedge? Why do you think the voice sounds in the hedges?
c. Where do the birds hide and why?
d. What does the poet mean by 'take the lead in summer luxury'?
e. Does the Grasshopper tire, and does he then behave like the birds?
f.  What time of day is described in the second part of the poem?
g. What creates the silence?
h. Why does the Cricket's song sound to the poet like that of the Grasshopper's?
i. What is meant by the phrase 'He takes the lead in Summer luxury'? Where does the poet get this idea?
j. Why do you think the poet expresses the same idea twice, in the first line and the ninth?
k. What is the difference between a grasshopper and a cricket? Find out three or four differences (appearance, auditory organs, activity, feeding habits).
2. Answer the following questions with reference to context.
a.  ...he has never done with his delights
 i.  To whom is the poet referring
 ii.  What delights might these have been?
iii.  What does he do after this?
b.  ...when the frost has wrought a silence
 i.  When does the frost do this?
ii. What does 'wrought' mean, and how might the frost have 'wrought a silence'?
iii. What effect does this have on the cricket and the poet?

SPELLINGS
3. Correct the mistakes in the following, if any.
  • tigre - tiger
  • strawberries - no mistakes
  • somber - sombre
  • leafs - leaves
  • kenell - kennel
  • sailers - sailors
  • rockry - rockery
  • fountane - fountain
  • innoscent - innocent
  • croocked - crooked
  • newspaper - no mistakes
  • solitary - no mistakes
  • shruberies - shrubberies
  • openning - opening
  • mockry - mockery

4. Fill in the blanks from the poem.
a. When all the birds are faint with the hot sun,
b. And hide in cooling trees, a voice will run
c. That is the Grasshopper's - he takes the lead
d. In summer luxury, - he has never done
e. He rests at ease beneath some pleasant weed.
f. The poetry of earth is ceasing never:
g. Has wrought a silence, from the stove there shrills
h. The Cricket's song, in warmth increasing ever,
i.  And seems to one in drowsiness half lost,

5. True of False.
a. The poet of this poem is James Keats. FALSE
b. The poem is about the Grasshopper and the Butterfly. FALSE 
c. Birds hide in cooling trees. TRUE
d. The Grasshopper is among some grassy hills. TRUE
e. The poet talks about his love for nature in this poem. TRUE

6. Learn the words and find the meanings to the words given below from your dictionary.
a. Faint
b. Hedge 
c. Luxury
d. Delights
e. Ceasing
f. Beneath 

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~


 R/13                                                          
 16/06/2021, 18/06/2021 
ENGLISH GRAMMAR/COMPOSITION
Chapters: 1 & 2
EXPLAINED:
1. The revision of Chapters: 1 & 2 (Noun & Pronoun)
2. The revision of Chapters: 12 & 17 (Conjunctions & The Sentence Overview).
3. Orally asking of questions in the online class.
4. All exercises revised in English Grammar Chapters: 1 & 2. Composition Chapters: 12 & 17
MAIN TEACHING:
Focusing on any questions or exercises related to the chapters mentioned to be explained in the online class which any student wants help with
ASSIGNMENTS.
1. Make sure all the exercises and definitions are up-to date of Chapters: 1 & 2 in English Grammar and Chapters: 12 & 17 in English Composition are updated and revised.
2. Prepare well for your P.T English Grammar and English Composition coming up next week 29/06/21

 R/12                                                          
 15/06/2021 
ENGLISH POETRY
POEMS: 1 & 2
REVISION
EXPLAINED:
1. The revision of Poems: 1 & 2.
2. All the notes revised of Poems: 1 & 2.
3. Orally asking of questions in the online class.
4. All exercises revised as well of Poems: 1 & 2.

MAIN TEACHING:
Oral and explanation online with some written work.
1. Explanation of both Poems: 1 & 2.
2. Both the summaries of the Poems 1 & 2 explained.
2. All the words to know and their meanings of both Poems: 1 & 2.

ASSIGNMENTS.
1. Make sure all the notes are upto date of Poems: 1 & 2. and learn all of them.
2. Learn all the words to know on Pg: 12 of Poem: 1
3. Revise all the exercises given on the blog of Poems: 1 & 2 ( Match the following, True or false, Fill in the blanks and Word meanings.

Prepare for your English Prose and Poetry Revision Class Test on the 16/6/21

 R/11                                                          
 14/06/2021 
ENGLISH PROSE
CHS: 1 & 2
REVISION
A SHOT IN THE DARK
THE SILVER LINING
EXPLAINED:
1. The revision of Chapters: 1 & 2.
2. All the notes revised of Chapters: 1 & 2.
3. Orally asking of questions in the online class.
4. All exercises revised as well of Chapters: 1 & 2.

MAIN TEACHING:
Oral and explanation online with some written work.
1. Explanation of both Chapters: 1 & 2.
2. All the words to know and their meanings of both Chapters: 1 & 2.

ASSIGNMENTS.
1. Make sure all the notes are upto date of Chapters: 1 & 2. and learn all of them.
2. Learn all the words to know on Pg: 19 of Chapter: 1 and Pg: 35 of Chapter: 2.
3. Revise all the exercises on the blog of Chapters: 1 & 2 ( Match the following, True or false, Fill in the blanks and Word meanings.

Prepare for your English Prose and Poetry Revision Class Test on the 16/6/21

 R/10                                                          
 08/06/2021, 09/06/2021, 11/06/2021
English Composition
CH 18. The Sentence
What is a Simple Sentence?
A simple sentence contains a single, complete independent clause with one finite verb and a single subject.
EXAMPLE:
I saw the most amazing sights in India.

EXPLAINED:
1. The whole of Chapter.18.
2. All the exercises from A - J.
3. Classification of sentences based on structure.
4. The different kinds of sentences.
5. Combination of simple sentences to form other simple sentences.
6. Different participles or participle phrases.
7. Varieties of simple sentences.
8. The formation of compound sentences using appropriate coordinating conjunctions.
9. The use of subordinators in complete sentences. 
10. Combining simple sentences to form complex sentences.
11. The structure of a compound - complex sentence.

MAIN TEACHING:
Oral and explanation online with some written work.
1. Classification of sentences based on structure.
2. Different combinations of sentences and its uses.
3. All the exercises explained of chapter 18 with the help of images shown during the online class.
4. Students will interact during the online class.

ASSIGNMENTS:
What is a Simple Sentence? Explain with an example.
participial phrase
Simple Sentence: Examples And Definition Of Simple Sentences - 7 E S L
Coordinating Conjunction: Definition, Examples Of Coordinators (FANBOYS) -  7 E S L
Subordinating-Conjunctions - Year 5
Compound-Complex Sentence Definition And Useful Examples - 7 E S L in 2020  | Compound complex sentence, Complex sentences, Writing complex sentences

 R/9                                                          
 04/06/2021, 07/06/2021, 08/06/2021
ENGLISH LITERATURE
Chapter 3: THE WORLD-RENOWNED NOSE
Written by Vaikom Muhammad Basheer
Vaikom Muhammad Basheer: When brevity becomes soul of wit - The Week
Synopsis of the Chapter.
The World-Renowned Nose is a satire in which a person grows a nose to such a length that individuals who at the start saw it was revolted by the sight. The man's Nose became a supplier of despair and humility for him. Because of the Polemic nose, the young man became a millionaire, an actor, and a politician. Besides, his long nose brought him trouble also.
The author is making fun of the way in which we make heroes out of various people from different walks of life. It is easy for such people to gain prominent position in society. It is also easy for such people to fall from grace.

EXPLAINED:
1. The whole of Chapter 3.
2. Words to know on Page 48.
3. Questions and answers on Page 49.
4. The meanings of the italicized words in sentences.
5. How to answer questions with reference to context.
6. A briefing about the author. 
7. Fill in the blanks.
8. True or False.
9. Match the following.
10. Learn the words and find the meanings.

MAIN TEACHING:
Oral and Explanation Online with some written work.
1. Explain the story.
2. The whole story being a Satire and understanding what is meant by it.

ASSIGNMENTS:
Read Chapter 3 fully.
Learn words to know on Page 48

1. Answer the following questions.
a) Does the author give us a reason why the twenty-fourth year of a person's life is significant?
b) Why was the man dismissed?
c) How did the man's decision to keep visitors out of his hut have a fortunate result?
d) How did the Government try to capture the long-nosed man?
e) How was confusion caused in the minds of the people?
f) How did the doctors prove that the nose was genuine?
g) What do you think happened in the man's first feature film?
h) The author tells us: 'Newspapers published his comments.' What comments does he make, about which subjects? What is the author trying to tell us by giving us this information?
i) What rumours were spread about the long-nosed one and by whom? Why were the rumours spread?
j) What is satirical about the story?
2. What do you understand by the following?
a) His daily routine was confined to these activities.
His daily routine was limited to these activities. 
b) Expectant years slip by and the trees bear fruit.
Here the years are described as expectant (just as a mother-to-be is ‘expectant’ and a fruit bearing tree is expectant). The years are full of new things to hope for. 
c) Conspiracies were hatched.
Many plots and schemes were planned. 
d) United Front
A joining of forces with a common aim, objective or 'front'.

3. Answer the following questions with reference to context.
a) Students of history need hardly be told this.
i) What is it that students of history need not be told?
ii) How does the life of the main character of the story change?

b) As the dismissed cook sat starving in his lowly hut, he was convinced of one thing: his nose had acquired great publicity!
i)   Did anyone come to explain this to him?
ii)  How did the publicity change his life initially?
iii) How did it change his life in the long run?

c) As this shouting and revelry ended, the President thought of another gimmick.
i)   What is a gimmick?
ii)  What was the first gimmick that the President tried?
iii) Did the members of the press try any gimmicks? Why?

4. Fill in the blanks from the chapter.
a) No lover of humanity came forward to help.
b) Good fortune dawned on the mother and son after that day!
c) That long nose reaching down to the navel was considered a sign of greatness.
d) They tried a confidence trick.
e) 'Destruction to the rubber nose of the long-nosed one!
f) The doctors surrounded the long-nosed one in the presence of the president and the cabinet ministers.
g) What would the poor intellectuals do?
5. True or False:-
a) The hero of our story is a cook. TRUE
b) The long-nosed one acted in a film called the Human Fly. FALSE
c) The cook became a millionaire in 6 years. TRUE
d) The long-nosed one had 3 secretaries. FALSE
e) The long nose was made of rubber. FALSE

6. Match the following numbers with letters to complete the following sentences.
1) When it was time for him to receive his salary
2) As the dismissed cook sat starving in his lonely hut,
3) Many protested against the inaction of the Government
4) Nine well-known writers wrote biographies of
5) One morning the army and their tanks

a) and joined revolutionary parties, out to sabotage the Government!
b) surrounded the house of the poor long-nosed one.
c) his mother would come and take it.
d) he was convinced of one thing: his nose had acquired great publicity!
e) the long-nosed one and won wealth and acclaim.

ANSWERS:
1 - c
2 - d
3 - a
4 - e
5 - b

7. Learn the words and find the meanings to the words below from your dictionary.
1) Distinguish
2) Publicity
3) Conquest
4) Enthusiastically
5) Revolutionary
6) Bejewelled
7) Fraud
8) Intellectual

 R/9                                                          
 01/06/2021, 02/06/2021 
ENGLISH GRAMMAR
Ch. 3 ADJECTIVES
What are Adjectives?
Adjectives are words that describes nouns. They typically serve as a modifier of a noun to denote a quality of the thing named, to indicate its quantity or extent, or to specify a thing as distinct from something else.
EXAMPLE:
~ The big dog chased the car.
~ The beautiful princess is wearing a purple gown.

EXPLAINED:
1. The whole of Chapter 3.
2. The classification of different Adjectives with examples.
3. Possessive Adjectives Vs Possessive Pronouns.
4. Positioning of Adjectives.
5. Order of Adjectives.
6. Comparison of Adjectives.

MAIN TEACHING:
Oral and Explanation Online with some written work.
1. Adjectives explained in detail along with its uses.

ASSIGNMENTS:
1. What are Adjectives? Explain with two examples in sentence form.
Adjectives are words that are used to describe nouns and pronouns and to quantify and identify them.

EXAMPLE:
  • It seems a wise decision
  • He fell unconscious to the floor
2. What are the different kinds of Adjectives? Name them with their definitions and examples.
ANSWER IN PICTURE BELOW
Adjectives: 5 Types of Adjectives with Definition & Useful ...
Oral and Explanation Online with some written work.
1. Adjectives explained in detail along with its uses.

A. Underline the adjectives in the following pair of sentences.
1. It seems a wise decision.
2. She made chocolate cake for her mother.
3. He fell unconscious on the floor.
4. He goes for walks daily to improve his health.
5. I got up early to catch an early morning train.

B. Pick out all the adjectives in the following sentences and say to which class each of them belong.
1. The car sustained heavy damage in the accident. heavy—Qualitative 
2. He has written several stories. several—Quantitative 
3. A dog is very faithful to its master. faithful—Qualitative; its—Possessive 
4. Every man has his duties. his—Possessive 
5. He is a man of few words. few—Quantitative 
6. The project was very successful. successful—Qualitative 
7. Which color do you prefer? color—Qualitative 
8. The way was long, the wind was cold. long; cold—Qualitative

C. Complete the following sentences using an adjective belonging to the categories specified.
1. Meera is a hard-working student.(Adjective of quality) 
2. The German football team won the World Cup Championship. (use a national adjective) 
3. These are the passengers going to Pune. (Demonstrative adjective)
4. Not a lot of milk is required to prepare this dish. (Adjective of quantity)
5. Who finished their homework first? (Interrogative adjective)
Comparative and Superlative Adjectives | Comparison of Adjectives ...
What is the difference between Possessive Adjectives and Possessive Pronouns? Give an example of both.

A possessive adjective is an adjective that is also used to show ownership in a sentence it is placed before the noun in a sentence and used to describe it. Some are my your, his/her/its, our, your, their

Example: My favourite colour is red.

A possesive pronoun shows ownership. In a sentence, it does not come before or close to a noun. Instead, it replaces the noun to avoid repetition. Some of them are mine, ours, his/ hers, ours, yours, theirs.

Example: Sheela gave a test yesterday. These test results are hers.

D. Fill in the blanks with possessive adjective or possessive pronoun.
1. The film star is a friend of mine.
2. I lose my temper very quickly. 
3. The cat is sleeping because it/she/he has just had a bowl of milk.
4. I think my keys are lost.
5. Shanta watched every movement of hers; in the dance before declaring her the winner.
6. My work is no business of yours.
7. The teacher told the children to open their books.
8. A friend of mine has invited me to London.
9. How is that cousin of yours ?
10. Jatin broke his arm while playing rugby.

E. The following items are being auctioned. Make grammatically correct sentences in your notebook by putting the adjectives in the correct sequence.
One has been done for you.
gown / new / pink / an expensive / silk
an expensive new pink silk gown (opinion-age-colour-material)
1.  a/picture/wooden/frame/beautiful
a beautiful wooden picture frame
2.  coins/ancient/hexagonal/some/German
some ancient hexagonal German coins
3.  plastic/red/chairs/kitchen/four
four red plastic kitchen chairs
4.  carved/mirror/oval/attractive/an
an attractive carved oval mirror
5.  miniature/painting/a/curious
a curious miniature painting
6.  cup/an/Indian/gold/antique
an antique gold Indian cup
7.  Swiss/early-twentieth-century/an/fountain/pen
an early-twentieth-century Swiss fountain pen
8.  copper/vessels/cooking/two/African
two African copper cooking vessels
9.  colourful/satin/soft/new/cushion
new colourful soft satin cushion
10. porcelain/teapot/round/pink/Chinese
round pink Chinese porcelain teapot

What are the three comparisons of adjectives? Explain with examples.
F. Read the passage below and underline all the adjectives in it. In your notebook, list each adjective and say which category it belongs to. Refer to the five categories mentioned at the beginning of the unit.

Among the many (Quantitative) girls who attended Shirley School was Cassandra Weldon. She was approaching the proud (Qualitative) position of prefect in the school. She had entered Shirley School when quite a little (Qualitative) child, had gone steadily up through the different (Qualitative) classes, until she found herself nearly at the head of the sixth (Quantitative) form. In appearance, Cassandra was a tall (Qualitative) girl, graceful (Qualitative) in her (Possessive) movements and very self-possessed (Qualitative) in manner. Her (Possessive) face was full (Qualitative) of intelligence. She had bright (Qualitative)intelligent (Qualitative)brown (Qualitative) eyes, a pleasant (Qualitative) voice, and an agreeable (Qualitative) way. Cassandra was looked up to by all (Quantitative) her (Possessive) classmates, and this not because she was rich (Qualitative), nor because she was beautiful (Qualitative), but simply because she was good (Qualitative) and honourable (Qualitative) and trustworthy (Qualitative); she possessed a large (Quantitative) amount of sympathy for everyone, her (Possessive) judgement was unfailing, and she was intelligent (Qualitative).

G. Pick out the adjectives in the following sentences and state their kind.
1. Not much milk is needed for this dish. much (Quantitative)
2. Which student of yours is going to London? which (Interrogative)
3. I bought six eggs to bake a cake. six (Quantitative)
4. All men are equal. All (Quantitative)
5. I made a silly mistake. silly (Qualitative)
6. My shoes were completely wet when I returned home. wet (Qualitative)
7. Her own mother had taught her since childhood. own (Possessive)
8. We had to take a long route to reach our destination. long (Qualitative); our (Possessive)
9. The project was a complete success. complete (Qualitative)
10. I heard some shocking news about my neighbour yesterday. some (Quantitative); shocking (Qualitative); my (Possessive)
11. Can we have some ice cream after dinner? some (Quantitative)
12. There are a dozen of bananas in the basket. dozen (Quantitative)
NOW WATCH THE VIDEOS.

 R/8                                                          
 28 / 05 / 2021, 31 / 05 / 2021 
ENGLISH POETRY
Poem 2 WHERE THE MIND IS WITHOUT FEAR
Poem by Rabindranath Tagore
Rabindranath Tagore is a poet from Bengal. Born in 1861 he wrote poems in Bangla and in English. Tagore was the only Indian to be awarded the Nobel Prize which he won in 1913 for literature for his collection of songs called Gitanjali. Tagore also had the honour of being the composer of the Indian National Anthem, 'Jana Gana Mana'.
Summary Of The Poem.
The poet is appealing to God to waken his countrymen to clear reason, truth and understanding. He is asking God to show people of the world the way to a better life. Speaking of freedom from colonization and what it takes to achieve that. The poet wants a place where people will be fearless.
EXPLAINED:
1. Read and explain the poem in detail.
2. Words to know taken from the poem.
3. How to answer the questions of Ex 1 Page 26.
4. A briefing about the poet.
5. The meanings of the following on Page 26.

MAIN TEACHING:
Oral and Explanation Online with some written work.
1. Explain the poem thoroughly.
2. The summary of the poem.

ASSIGNMENTS:
1. Learn the first 5 lines of the poem on page 24.
2. Learn the next 5 lines of the poem on page 24.
3. Learn the last 5 lines of the poem on Page 24.
4. Write the summary of the poem.

1. Answer the following questions.
a.  To whom are the words of the poet addressed?
Hint:- On page 24 last line.
b.  What is the main topic or idea of the poem? In which part of the poem is it to be found?
Hint:- In the last two lines of the poem.
c.  How does the poet describe reason?
Hint:- In the sixth line of the poem.
d.  How does he describe habit?
Hint:- In the sixth and seventh line of the poem.
e.  Which other word does the poet use to address 'Father'? To whom does 'Father' refer?
Hint:- In the seventh line of the poem.

2. What is meant by the following?
a.  holding the head high 
b.  narrow domestic walls
c.  tireless striving stretches its arms towards perfection
d.  ever-widening thought and action

3. Describe briefly, in your own words, Tagore's idea of the 'heaven of freedom'.

4. True or False.
a.  This poem is a prayer. True
b.  The poet is talking to his father at Shantiniketan. False
c.  This poem was written by Sri Aurobindo Ghosh. False
d.  The poet is talking about his country India. True
e.  The name of the poem is 'Where the heart is without fear'. False

5. Find words in the poem which have a similar meaning to the following.
a. endeavour
b. good sense
c. national
d. tedious
e. learning
f.  expanding
g. pieces
h. paradise
i.  faultlessness
j.  extends

6. Match the numerals with the correct alphabets to make complete sense:
i.   Where the mind is without fear
ii.  Where the world has not been broken up
iii. Where the clear stream of reason has not lost its
iv. Where the mind is led forward by thee into
v.  Into that heaven of freedom, my Father,

a. way into the dreary desert sand of dead habit;
b. ever-widening thought and action
c. and the head is held high;
d. let my country awake.
e. into fragments by narrow domestic walls;

Answers:
i - c
ii - e
iii - a
iv - b
v - d

7. Fill in the blanks:
a. Where the mind is without fear and the head is held high;
b. Where knowledge is free;
c. Where the world has not been broken up into fragments by narrow domestic walls;
d. When timeless striving stretches its arms towards perfection;
e. Where the clear stream of reason has not lost its way into the dreary desert sand of dead habit;
f. Into that heaven of freedommy Father, let my country awake.

8. Find the meanings to the words below from your dictionary.
a. fragments
b. domestic
c. depth
d. tireless
e. striving
f.  perfection
g. dreary
h. ever-widening
NOW WATCH THE VIDEOS TO HELP YOU UNDERSTAND THE POEM BETTER.

 R/7                                                          
 24 / 05 / 2021 - 25 / 05 / 2021, 27 / 05 / 2021 
ENGLISH COMPOSITION
Chapter- 17 
THE SENTENCE - AN OVERVIEW
What is a Complete and Incomplete sentence?
A Complete sentence must have three things: a subject, verb, and an object. The subject is typically a noun or a pronoun.
An Incomplete sentence is a sentence that’s missing a subject, verb, or both.
EXPLAINED:
1. The whole of Chapter- 17.
2. Identifying complete and incomplete sentences.
3. The features of a sentence.
4. Different kinds of sentences based on Purpose or Function.
5. Rearranging words to make meaningful sentences.
6. The usage of appropriate punctuation in sentences.
7. The understanding of different uses of clauses.
8. Explanation of interjections in sentences.
9. Composing of different kinds of sentences. 
10. The elements of a sentence: words, phrases and clauses.
11. All the exercises from A - K

MAIN TEACHING:

Oral and explanation online with some written work.

1. The chapter explained with a whole overview of different elements and features of sentence making.

2. All exercises of chapter 17 explained with the help of images shown in the online class.

3. Students allowed to interact regards questions to chapter 17 in the online class.


ASSIGNMENTS:

A. Examine the word-clusters given below. Identify those that are complete sentences by placing a (Tick) in the appropriate boxes. Also rewrite the sentences, putting in the capital letters and punctuation. 

  1. a clever boy                                                                 
  2. my cousin who lives in Mumbai                                
  3. he loves playing football                                              
  4. was a terrifying experience                                        
  5. the game was called off when it began to rain         
  6. when we visited Thailand last year                            

What is a sentence?

Unscramble the following to create a definition of a sentence. sentence may be defined as / ask a question, / and word-groups, / arranged / (such as phrases and clauses), / a combination of words / make a statement, / in a particular order / utter an exclamation / so as to / or express a command or request.

Features Of A Sentence?

B. In the space provided next to each of the ten statements given below, write (T) if you think the statement represents a genuine feature of a complete sentence and (F) if you think it does not.

1. A sentence begins with a capital letter.                      

2. It expresses only one single idea.                               

3. It contains at least one main clause.                           

4. It must contain at least one dependent clause.          

5. It ends with an appropriate punctuation mark.            

6. It can contain more than one independent clause.    

7. It must have a subject and a predicate.            

8. The predicate of a sentence does not always contain a verb          

9. A sentence can express more than one thought or idea, using conjunctions or relative pronouns to link them together.

10. Each independent clause in a sentence contains an independent subject and verb and expresses a complete thought. 


C. Read the following sentences and identify the type to which each belongs.

1. He has a house in London and another in Paris.     

2. What a fantastic view we have of the hills from here!

3. How much money do you need?

4. May you succeed in all your efforts!

5. Tell the driver that he should be here by ten.

6. Wear a sweater; it’s cold outside.

7. The police is looking for an escaped prisoner.

8. Do you think mother would like a perfume?

9. I can’t believe all the shops are closed!

10. I believe in honesty more than anything else.

11. Stay away from the animal cages.

12. Can’t we go shopping today?

13. Oh dear! what a terrible mistake I have made!

14. It is my fervent wish that you excel in your final exams.

15. I urge you to do regular exercise to avoid diseases.


D. Rearrange the words in their correct order to make meaningful sentences. Use appropriate punctuation at the end of each sentence.

1. the party / an enjoyable / at / time / she had

………………………………………………………………………………………………


2. enough / buy a car / money / to / have / you don’t

………………………………………………………………………………………………


3. university / teach / your aunt / at the / does

………………………………………………………………………………………………


4. traffic lights / be careful / when the / turn red / to stop

………………………………………………………………………………………………


5. from / yesterday / we drove / Agra / to Delhi

………………………………………………………………………………………………


6. make tea / when she / did Anu / came home

………………………………………………………………………………………………


7. all his life / has / my father / worked hard

………………………………………………………………………………………………


8. my brother / his phone / what a pity / has lost

………………………………………………………………………………………………


9. today / to submit / I tell you / didn’t / your assignment 

………………………………………………………………………………………………


10. the wicket-keeper / what a brilliant catch / just took / wow

………………………………………………………………………………………………


E. Change the following sentences as directed.

1. You don’t like junk food at all. (change to negative-interrogative)    

2. Please make less noise in the classroom. (change to negative-imperative)

3. This is an interesting book. (change to exclamatory)

4. I am right. (change to negative-interrogative)

5. Madhu failed the exam last year. (change to negative-declarative)

6. She is a very polite girl. (change to exclamatory)

7. It was raining yesterday. (change to interrogative)

8. Atul doesn’t want to be a doctor. (change to affirmative-declarative)

9. I should go to the party. (negative interrogative) 

10. Could you open the door for me, please? (positive imperative)


F. In the blank next to each of the sentences given below write (P) if underlines part is a phrase or write (C) if it is a clause.

1.  I bought a new pair of sneakers from the supermarket.

2.  When my father got home from work, he sat down to watch television. 

3.  He raced his motorcycle down the highway.

4.  I called up my friend to find out about our homework.

5.  An excellent fast bowler, Rakesh was selected for his state team


G. In the blank next to each of the sentences given below write (I) if underlined part is an Independent Clause or write (D) if it is a Dependent clause.

1. We rushed out of the house when we felt the earthquake

2. Although I have never met him before, I think I will recognise him.

3. My friend John, who is a brilliant student, has been admitted to Oxford.

4. I will report you to the teacher if you don’t stop bullying me.

5. I love to cook, and I enjoy learning new recipes.


H. Put a bracket ( ) around the Independent Clause in each of the following sentences underline the Dependant Clause (if any)

1. He left the examination hall although he had not completed all his answers.  

2. If you wish to represent the country in the national games, you must train sincerely.

3. The clown, who was dressed in a funny costume, failed to make us laugh.

4. The new Principle addressed the whole school at the morning assembly.

5. She plays the guitar and she dances very well too.


I. Compose five exclamatory sentences following the prompts given. One has been done for you. Use interjections if necessary.

1. (Express excitement on receiving a gift)

Oh wow! What an incredibly beautiful bracelet this is!

………………………………………………………………………………………………


2. (Express disappointment over the loss of something)

………………………………………………………………………………………………


3. (Express joy at having succeeded at something)

………………………………………………………………………………………………


4. (Express amazement at a friend’s achievement)

………………………………………………………………………………………………


5. (Express deep sorrow at the loss of someone or something)

………………………………………………………………………………………………


6. (Express anguish or agony on being hurt or injured)

………………………………………………………………………………………………


J. Compose five imperative sentences as per the prompts provided. One has been done for you.

1. Politely request someone to do something for you.

Please pass me the ketchup.

………………………………………………………………………………………………


2. A teacher instructs the class to do something.

………………………………………………………………………………………………


3. Your parent advises you to do something.

………………………………………………………………………………………………


4. A policeman orders an armed gunman to do something.

………………………………………………………………………………………………


5. A mother instructs her child to finish his homework.

………………………………………………………………………………………………


6. Your friend is in trouble and you make a helpful suggestion.

………………………………………………………………………………………………


K. Identify the Independent Clauses and the Dependent Clauses in the sentences below.

1. When you have finished your work, I would like to talk to you 

2. I find Arun a very methodical student even though he is a bit slow in his work.

3. We will not reach the venue in time if we spend so much time getting ready.

4. Since the time you advised me, I have been consciously watching my diet.

5. My library book was under my desk where I had left it yesterday.

6. I cannot go ahead unless the chairman gives me the permission to do so.

7. Before leaving for school, she put some water in the bowl for her turtle.

8. He cannot get this job as he is not qualified for it.

9. That boy, who is wearing a red jacket, lives in England.

10. We can go to the party if we are invited.


 R/6                                                          
  19 / 05 / 2021 - 21 / 05 / 2021 
ENGLISH LITERATURE
Ch. 2 THE SILVER LINING
Written by Chaman Nahal
Synopsis of the Chapter.
‘The Silver Lining’ is a story written by an Indian English novelist Chaman Nahal.
Chaman Nahal - Alchetron, The Free Social EncyclopediaThe Silver Lining' describes the story of a handicapped child and their parents' unhappy moments, until a guest who is similarly handicapped brings a ray of hope into their child's life. His views about judging a man's outward appearance is that 'A happy man who puts on an appearance of happiness may be crushed deeply within; while an idiot may be truly happy.'

EXPLAINED:
1. The whole of Chapter 2.
2. Words to know on Page 35.
3. Questions and answers on Page 35.
4. The meaning of comments on the italicized words in sentences.
5. How to answer questions with reference to context.
6. A briefing about the author.

MAIN TEACHING:
Oral and Explanation Online with some written work.
1. Explain the story.
2. Discuss and share how Mr David was the silver lining in the story.

ASSIGNMENTS:
Read Chapter 2 and learn the words to know on Page 35.
ambiguous        obscure; of double meaning
anguish             deep pain
compatible        suited to; in accord with
cuisine               style of cooking
deigned              thought fit (to do something)
din                      noise
emphatically      forcibly expressing; with feeling and stress
fleeting               passing rapidly
humdrum           commonplace; dull
humiliation        lowering of the dignity or self-respect
incoherent         not easily followed or understood
nonchalantly     (pronounced non'shallently) unexcitedly; calmly and coolly
profuse              lavish; plentiful
self conscious  conscious (aware) of oneself; shy
swarthy             dark in colour
trepidation        alarm
untempered      not restrained; not moderated

1. Answer the following questions on Pages 35 & 36:
a. Why does the author believe that it is difficult to assess the range and quality of human emotions?
Hint:- First paragraph on the left of Page 30

b. In what ways was the Bhandari Guest house a suitable place to stay?
Hint:- Second paragraph on the left of Page 30

c. Which phrase tells us that the author is somewhat critical of North Indian men
Hint:- First paragraph on the right of Page 30
d. What makes the author say he felt as if he had known the family for years?
Hint:- First paragraph on the right of Page 30

e. In what manner did the author try to make friends with Promodni? What was the reaction from:
i. Promodni?                                           ii. Her parents?
Hint:- Last paragraph Page 30 & Second paragraph Page 31

f.  Which phrase or statement tells us that the Bhandaris did not much care for the questions put by visitors about their daughter?
Hint:- Left and right of Page 31

g. What first impressions did the Bhandaris have about Mr David? How did they regard him at first and in what manner did their opinion change? Use selected words and phrases from the text in your answer.
Hint:- Pages 33 & 34

h. Mr Bhandari squeezed his wife's arm and said, apologetically, 'I'm sorry, Mr Dhanda.'
Why was he sorry? Give more than one reason.
Hint:- Second paragraph of Page 31

i.  Why do you think the Bhandaris agreed, 'after some trepidation', to try out the author's suggestion of a way to deal with the questions of visitors?
Hint:- Page 32

2. Comment on the italicized words in the following sentences:
a. Mrs Bhandari, the landlady, took me in hand  the moment I arrived.
b. I couldn't help smiling.
c. And, at the very first meeting or soon afterwards, they would run into the child....
d. 'He shouldn't have ignored our request like this,' the landlord put in, more mildly.
e. It took us time to digest the news.
f.  And then both parents broke into the incoherent statements of profuse apologies....
g. She almost broke down with gratitude....

3. Answer the following questions with reference to context:
a. I vaguely felt I had wronged her and her parents.
i.  Why did the speaker feel like this? What had he done?
Hint:- Third and fourth paragraph of Page 31

ii.  What did he do to make the situation better?
Hint:- Second paragraph on the left of Page 32

b. At this time he discovered the sealed envelope containing the typed chit lying on the table, addressed to him by name.
i.  Who discovered the envelope?
Hint:- Second paragraph on the left of Page 33

ii.  What had happened immediately prior to this?
Hint:- Pages 32 & 33

iii.  What was in the envelope, and what did it say?
Hint:- Second paragraph on the left of Page 32

iv.  What did the person do immediately after this??
Hint:- Bottom left & top right of Page 33

c. She looked the happiest woman in the world
i.  Whom is this statement about?
ii.  Why was the person happy?
Hint:- Bottom left & top right of page 34

iii.  What did she do to show her pleasure?
Hint:- Last paragraph of Page 34

4. True or False:
a. The landlady was from North India. False
b. Promodni was nine years old. False
c. Mr Dhanda was a guest at the guest house. True
d. Mr David was deaf and blind. False
e. Promodni was accepted as Mr David's first pupil. True

5. Fill in the blanks from chapter 2:
a. But it was the hostess particularly, and her husband and their little daughter who really proved to be the centre of attraction to me.
b. But she was behaving a bit too timidly for one, and was trying to avoid me.
c. I suddenly became aware of an awkward pause in the room, and, turning to look at the Bhandaris, I discovered that both of them were frowning, a painful look on their faces.
d. You are requested to please give her time to approach you and make your acquaintance.
e. He had emphatically stated that the girl could, in course of time, live almost as normal a life as any one of us who had the power of hearing and speech.

6. There are number of words in the story for which meanings have not been given in the words to know section. here are some of them. Look up the words in your dictionary and then use them in sentences of your own:
a. hailing
b. apologetically
c. forwardness
d. hospitality
e. sympathetic
f.  intimate
g. confirmation
h. disconcerted
i.  inferred
j.  apprehensive
NOW WATCH THE VIDEOS

 R/5                                                          
  17 / 05 / 2021, 18 / 05 / 2021 
ENGLISH GRAMMAR
Ch. 2 PRONOUNS
What is a Pronoun?
A pronoun is a word that is used instead of a noun or a noun phrase.
For example -  He agreed to look after the baby.
EXPLAINED:
1. The whole of Chapter 2.
2. The different classifications of Pronouns with examples
3. The usage of Pronouns in sentences.

MAIN TEACHING:
Oral and Explanation Online with some written work.

TOPIC:- Pronouns explained in detail along with its uses.
1. Personal Pronouns are used in a sentence or phrase that refers to a specific person or object.
Examples:
a) I want you to read this book.
b) We enjoyed hearing her sing.

Examples:
a) This is my house.
b)  Are those Kumar's children?
are used to ask questions. They include

Examples:
a) We have these three colours.
Which would you prefer?
b) What do you want to eat?

Examples:
a) Each of you must carry a pen.
b) Everything is topsy-turvy here?
are used to refer back to the subject.

Examples:
a) Rohan hurt himself when he fell.
b) I will do this myself?

Examples:
a) The child whom you were talking to is my nephew.
b) The person whose son has won the Spelling Bee is my neighbour.

Examples:
a) The candidates found the test very difficult; many could not finish it.
b) I used to have plenty of stamps earlier; now only a few are left.

Examples:
a) Someone has been stealing flowers from our garden.
b) Nothing is visible on the stage from the back here.

Examples:
a) Are you sure this book is yours?
b) Ours is the largest democracy in the world.

10. Emphatic Pronouns are used to put emphasis on the subject. Their form is the same as reflexive pronouns, e.g. myself, herself, himself, etc.

Examples:
a) I assure you that this project will be finished in this month itself.
b) Nobody prevented me; I myself refused to go to the party.

ASSIGNMENTS:
What is a Pronoun? Explain with examples in a sentence.
A. Read the paragraph below and replace the italicized words with pronouns.
Chandan is a student of this school. Chandan studies in Class VIII. Chandan's younger sister also studies in this school. Chandan's younger sister's name is Charu. Charu is in Class III. Chandan and Charu are good children. I like Chandan and Charu.

Chandan is a student of this school. He studies in Class VIII. Chandan's younger sister also studies in this school. Chandan's younger sister's name is Charu. She is in Class III. They are good children. I like them.
1.  What are Personal Pronouns? Explain with examples in sentence form.
   Personal Pronouns is a pronoun in a sentence or phrase that refers to a specific person or object.
Example:
  • He went on a bike.
  • She went shopping.
2.  What are Demonstrative Pronouns? Explain with examples in sentence form.
     Demonstrative Pronouns are used to point out something.
Example:
  • This is my house.
  • Are those Mrs Kumar's children?
3.  What are Interrogative Pronouns? Explain with examples in sentence form.
     Interrogative Pronouns are used to ask questions. They include what, which, how, who, whose, whom.

Example:
  • We have these three colours. Which would you prefer?
  • What do you want to eat?
4.  What are Distributive Pronouns? Explain with examples in sentence form.
    Distributive pronouns are used for persons or things taken as single or in groups. They include each, eachother, one, one another, some, someone, anyone, everyone, no one, anything, everything, either, neither.
Example:
  • Each of you must carrya a pen.
  • Everything is topsy-turvy here
5.  What are Reflexive Pronouns? Explain with examples in sentence form.
    Reflexive Pronouns are used to refer back to the subject. They include myself, yourself, themselves, herself, ourselves, himself, itself.
Example:
  • Rohan hurt himself when he fell.
  • I will do this myself?
6.  What are Relative Pronouns? Explain with examples in sentence form.
    Relative Pronouns are used to refer to nouns or pronouns mentioned before. They also function as conjunctions and join sentences together. They include who, whom, which, whose, that.
Example:
  • The child whom you were talking too is my nephew.
  • The person whose son has won the Spelling Bee is my neighbour.
7.  What are Number and Quantity Pronouns? Explain with examples in sentence form.
     Pronouns of Number and Quantity include words and phrases such as many, much, few, little, a little, a few, etc.
Example:
  • The candidates found the test very difficult; many could not finish it.
  • I used to have plenty of stamps earlier; now only a few are left.
8.  What are Indefinite Pronouns? Explain with examples in sentence form.
     Indefinite Pronouns are pronouns that do not refer to any person amount or thing in particular. They include anything, something, anyone, everyone.
Example:
  • Somone has been stealing flowers from our garden.
  • Nothing is visible on the stage from back here.
9.  What are Possessive Pronouns? Explain with examples in sentence form.
    Posseseive Pronouns are used to indicate possesion. They include mine, ours, yours, his, hers, theirs.
Example:
  • Are you sure this book is yours?
  • Ours is the largest democracy in the world.
10.  What are Emphatic Pronouns? Explain with examples in sentence form.
      Emphatic Pronouns are used to put emphasis on the subject. Their form is the same as reflexive pronouns. They include myself, herself, himself, etc.
Example:
  • I assure you that this project will be finished within this month itself.
  • Nobody prevented me; I myself refused to go to the party.
B. Use appropriate pronouns to fill in the blanks in the sentences below.
1.  Tracy is in the hospital; someone told me she is quite ill.
2.  I went to buy new books, but they were all sold out.
3.  Amu and Rina are so naughty that they keep everyone on their toes.
4.  Someone stole my watch on the bus! Thank God, it was a cheap one.
5.  Sushma saw her uncle and ran to meet him.
6.  Mother is not at home, so I will have to make breakfast for myself.
7.  I heard the phone ringing in the house, but nobody answered it.
8.  Can you believe it? We decorated the entire house ourselves.
9.  We often go swimming. It really is good fun.
10.The song was quite mediocre, still it became popular.
11. We were on a hilltop when the villagers signalled to us from below.
12. She rarely stands by her word; one can't really trust her.
13. These trees on the hill are going to be cut down.
14. Which of these books belong to you?
15. For tomorrow's picnic all of you must carry a water bottle.

C. Correct the errors related to pronouns in the following sentences.
1.  This is mine own car.
     This is my own car.
2.  Every one of these two boys was awarded.
     Both of these two boys were awarded./Each of these two boys was awarded.
3.  We had to wait because someone had lost its ticket.
     We had to wait because someone had lost his/her ticket.
4.  Everyone have to leave their bags outside.
     Everyone has to leave their bags outside.
5.  I can't go to the party. I haven't got nothing decent to wear.
     I can’t go to the party. I haven’t got anything decent to wear.
6.  If you want to have the pie, you can heat them in the microwave.
     If you want to have the pie, you can heat it in the microwave.
7.  Is it a post office somewhere close by, please?.
     Is there a post office somewhere close by, please?
8.  The two friends still see themselves occasionally.
     The two friends still see each other occasionally.
9.  I gave the books to they.
     I gave the books to them.
10.  Is that the cars that have been confiscated by the police?
       Are these the cars that have been confiscated by the police?
11.  They painted the whole house theirselves.
       They painted the whole house themselves.
12.  The man which is talking to the policeman robbed my house.
       The man who is talking to the policeman robbed my house.
13.  This used to be a busy area; now only a little amount of people live here.
       This used to be a busy area, now only a few people live here
14.   I can't see nothing because of the mist.
        I can’t see anything because of the mist.
15.   May I borrow that pen of yours please?
        May I borrow that pen of yours please?
NOW WATCH THE VIDEOS.

 R/4                                                          
  12 / 05 / 2021, 13 / 05 / 2021 
ENGLISH POETRY
Poem 1 WHEN I HEARD THE LEARN'D ASTRONOMER
Poem by Walt Whitman
Walt Whitman | Breaking Bad Wiki | Fandom
Walt Whitman (1819 - 1892) was a poet who worked as a journalist, a teacher and a
government clerk. His major work, Leaves of Grass, was a volume of poems that he
kept adding to throughout his life. He wrote in free verse and, although he did not
invent it, he is known as 'the father of free verse'. Whitman continues to be one of the
most influential American poets.
Top 5 Films Every Astronomy Student Should Watch - BookMyShow
Summary Of The Poem.
The narrator recounts a day sitting through an astronomy lecture, listening to the astronomer's dry mathematical descriptions of the stars, and watching their arrangement into charts, columns, and figures. 

During the lecture he becomes "tired and sick" and wanders off into the "mystical moist night-air" to silently gaze up at the stars.

EXPLAINED:
Read and explained the poem in detail.
Words to know on Page 12.
How to answer the questions of exercise 1 on page 12.
A briefing about the poet.

MAIN TEACHING:
Oral and Explanation Online with some written work.
Explain the poem thoroughly.
Describe the time period and setting

ASSIGNMENTS:

  • Learn the first four lines of the poem on Page 11.
  • Learn words to know on Page 12.
  • Learn the last four lines of the poem on Page 11.
  • Write the summary of the poem.
1. Answer the following questions.
a. In the first half of the poem, where is the poet? Hint:- Line 4 
b. In the first half of the poem, who is the poet with and what is he doing? Hint:- Line 1 & line 4 
c. Which words or phrases show that the astronomer is respected by the poet and audience? Hint:- Line 4
d. What scientific tools and methods does the astronomer use? Hint:- Line 2 & line 3
e. In the second half of the poem, where is the poet? Hint:- Line 7 & 8
f. In the second half of the poem, who is the poet with and what is he doing? Hint:- Line 6 & line 7
g. What words and images in the first half of the poem are a contrast to 'the perfect silence' in the final line. Hint:- Line 1 & line 4

Answer the following question in no less than 50 words.
h. What is the message of this poem?

UNDERSTANDING THE POEM
The poem does not have a rhyme scheme.
2. Count the syllables in each line. What do you notice about the pattern in the first four lines? What do you think is suggested by this?

3. What do you notice about the number of syllables in each line of the last four lines? What does this suggest about the poet's feelings?

4. Note that the poem consists of one sentence. What has the poet done to signal a change in the poets thoughts and feelings? What are the different thoughts and feelings he has in the two halves of the poem?

5. The poet uses a rhetorical device called anaphora in this poem 
Anaphora is the repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses. It is often used in poetry and in speeches to emphasize an idea or create a particular impact

When is repeated at the start of the first four lines. The repetition shows us that the lecturer is dragging on and not captivating the poet.

How does Whitman use the repetition and sounds in the second half of the poem to convey that the poet is captivated by the stars in the night sky?

NOW WATCH THE VIDEO

 R/3                                                          
 10 / 05 / 2021, 11 / 05 / 2021 
ENGLISH COMPOSITION
Ch. 12 CONJUNCTIONS
What is a conjunction?
A conjunction is a word that joins words, phrases, clauses or sentences.

NOW WATCH THE VIDEO TO HELP YOU UNDERSTAND BETTER.
 
Examples:
(a) This is a sweet and sour dish. (joining two adjectives)
(b) She couldn't take any photos because she forgot to bring her camera. (joining two clauses)

EXPLAINED:
1. The whole of chapter 12
2. The classifications of different types of Conjunctions with examples.
3. What are Coordinating and Subordinating Conjunctions with examples.
4. What are Correlative Conjunctions with examples.
5. What are Conjunctive Adverbs with examples.
6. The usage of Conjunctions with examples.

MAIN TEACHING:
Oral and Explanation Online with some written work.
All exercises of chapter 12 explained.

ASSIGNMENTS:
Let's Remember
A) Read the paragraph below, There are five errors of conjunctions in it. Spot the errors and correct them by rewriting the paragraph in your notebook.

Zubin was late in reaching the meeting point so that his bicycle had a flat tyre half way through his ride. His friends, Paras and Mohit had been waiting patiently for quite some time, until they were now beginning to get restless. Zubin was well-known for not keeping his promise. Although he was not very punctual by habit. They decided that since Zubin did not appear in another fifteen minutes, they would go to the magic show without him. Just then, they spotted him, speeding up to them, shouting but waving one hand wildly to catch their attention.

Zubin was late in reaching the meeting point as his bicycle had a flat tyre half way on his ride. His friends, Paras and Mohit, had been waiting patiently for quite some time, but they were now beginning to get restless. Zubin was well-known for not keeping his promise. Moreover, he was not very punctual by habit. They decided that if Zubin did not appear for another fifteen minutes, they would go to the magic show without him. Just then, they spotted him, speeding up to them, shouting, and waving one hand wildly to catch their attention.

Classifications of different Conjunctions:- 
1. What is a Conjunction? explain with examples.
    A Conjunction is word that joins words, phrases, clauses or sentences.
Example: 
  • This is a sweet and sour dish. (joining two adjectives) 
  • She couldnt take any photos because she forgot to bring her camera (joining two clauses)

2. What are Coordinating Conjunctions? Explain with examples.
    Coordinating Conjuctions are Conjunctions that join words, prhases, clauses that have the same importance.
Example: 
  • And - I've been to London and Paris.

3. What are Subordinating Conjunctions? Explain with examples.
    Subordinating Conjunctions are Conjunctions that join one or more dependant clauses to the main clause.
Example: 


Time: when, while, after, before.
  • I had my breakfast before I went to school.
  • The train had left the platform after I arrived
4. What are Correlative Conjunctions? Explain with examples. 
    Correlative Conjunctions function as Coordinating Conjunctions but they are always used in pairs. They include either... or neither, not only... but also, both... and, whether... or
Example: 
  • Not only was the test unfairly long but also the questions were very difficult.
  • Candidates can opt for either a paper and pencil test or a computer based test
5. What are Conjunctive Adverbs? Explain with examples.
    These Conjunctions play a vital role in the flow of thoughts through a paragraph. Conjunctive Adverbs, when correctly used, give a paragraph a logical and coherent flow. These include words such as therefore, thus, yet, otherwise, hence, moreover, however, besides, etc..
Example: 
  • She had been absent for ten days. Moreover, she hadn't informed anyone at school
  • He knew that the competition was going to be tough. However, he was determined to win this time.
Usage of conjunctions:-
40+ Conjunctive Adverbs List in English for ESL Learners - English ...
Conjunctions are used to form compound and complex sentences by joining two dependent clauses or joining an independent clause to one or more dependent clauses.

Examples:  (a) Mary and Sarah reached the bus stop on time but was late (compound)
                    (b) While Mary waited at the bus station, she realized that the bus was late. (complex)

B) Fill in the blanks in the sentences below with appropriate conjunctions, choosing from those given in the box. 
either .... or                because                       after                           if 
since                          therefore                      even though              neither ... nor
whenever                   not only ... but also      so that                       else

1. Slide the key inside underneath the door after locking it carefully from outside.
2. You always dump your clothes on the bed whenever I tell you to hang them. 
3. It would be futile to suggest alternatives to her because she has the habit of doing what she thinks is right.
4. She went out without an umbrella even though it had started to rain. 
5. There were neither doctors nor nurses in the hospital at that time.
6. I pulled down my cap so that I could somewhat protect my forehead from the cold wind. 
7. Not only were the streets deserted but also it was very dark everywhere. 
8. I could show you a few nice houses since you are willing to pay a high rent.
9. either you tell her the truth or I will.
10. Drive faster else we will not make it to the station in time.
11. If you decide to participate in the Maths Olympiad, you will need to work out a schedule for preparations.
12. The path ahead is narrow and very slippery therefore we need to walk very slowly and very carefully. 

Let's Revise
C) Join the following sentences using suitable conjunctions. Write them in your notebook.
1. I'll be so glad. This job is finished.
    I’ll be so glad when this job is finished.
2. I will go to the market. I have finished my work.
    I will go to the market when I have finished my work.
3. We went very early. We got the best seats.
    We went very early; so we got the best seats.
4. We didn't like the film at all. We watched it till the end.
    Although we didn’t like the film at all, we watched it till the end.
5. We drove very slowly. It was raining very hard.
    We drove very slowly as it was raining very hard.
6. I cannot sing. I cannot play any musical instruments.
    I can neither sing, nor play any musical instruments. 
7. I made a lot of friends. At the time I was in Mumbai. 
    I made a lot of friends when I was in Lahore.
8. You could stay at home. You could come with me.
    You could stay at home or come with me.
9. You must tell the truth. You'll be punished.
    You must tell the truth; else you’ll be punished.
10. He was tired. He still went to the party.
    He was tired but he still went to the party.
11. You do that again. I'll be very angry.
    If you do that again, I’ll be very angry.
12. She was hungry, She hadn't eaten anything.
    She was hungry since she hadn’t eaten anything.
13. I don't like coffee. I can have some tea. 
    I don’t like coffee, but I can have some tea.
14. I don't like Reena. She always spreads lies about other people.
   I don’t like Fariha as she always spreads lies about other people.
15. The children must have gone to bed. The house would not have been so quiet.
   The children must have gone to bed; otherwise, the house would not have been so quiet.
16. Incidents of burglary have increased in our locality. We have decided to keep a dog.
   Since incidents of burglary have increased in our locality, we have decided to keep a dog.
17. He always helps me if I ask him. We are not best of friends. 
    Although we are not the best of friends, he always helps me if I ask him.
18. Visitors to the library have showed interest. We are now introducing a daily membership scheme. 
    As visitors to the library have showed interest, we are now introducing a daily membership scheme.
19. Talk softly on the phone. Go to the other room.
    Talk softly on the phone; else go to the other room.
20. They did not send us our order. They did not refund our money. 
    Neither did they send us our order, nor did they refund our money.

 R/2                                                          
   06 / 05 / 2021, 07 / 05 / 2021    
ENGLISH LITERATURE
Ch. 1 A SHOT IN THE DARK
Synopsis of the Chapter.
‘AShot in the Dark’ is a short story by British writer Hector Hugh Munro (1870 – 1916). He is also known by the pen name Saki.

‘A Shot in the Dark’ is the story of Philip Sletherby who has lately befriended Mrs. Saltpen Jago, an affluent and influential lady. Sletherby intends to achieve a position in society using Mrs. Jago’s influence.

On a train journey to meet Mrs. Jago, Sletherby gets a young unkempt man named Bertie, as his travelling companion. Bertie claims to be Mrs. Jago’s second son. But Sletherby has his own doubts as the crest on Bertie does not match with that of Mrs. Jago. Moreover, he is not able to tell the correct colour of his mother’s hair. Bertie also asks to borrow 3 pounds, which Sletherby promptly refuses.

But later, after reaching Mrs. Jago’s estate, he finds that there are two crests for Mrs. Jago’s estate, one matching with the one he had seen on Bertie. He also learns that Mrs Jago had of late, changed the colour of her hair!

EXPLAINED:
1. Read the whole of chapter 1.
2. Words to know on Page 19.
3. How to answer questions with reference to context.
4. briefing about the author.

Main Teaching:
Oral and Explanation Online with some written work.
Oral and Explanation Online with some written work.
1. Explained the story.
2. Described time period and setting.
3. Spoke about how the theme of MISCONCEPTION relates to the story.

ASSIGNMENTS:
1 a) Answer the following questions on Page 19 Section 1.
a. What position does Philip Sletherby hope to get?
Ans. Philip Sletherby hopes to become the member of parliament for the
county of Chalkshire
b. Who is Philip Sletherby on his way to visit? Why?
Ans. Philip Sletherby is on his way to visit Mrs Saltpen-Jago because if
she approves of him, she will support his ambition to become the MP for
Chalkshire.
c. What is meant by 'on approval'?
Ans. In the chapter approval means that Mr Sletherby was an aggreament
with the party managers that if he is able to win her hostess's (Mrs Saltpen
Jago) support he can win the election.      
d. How does Bertie know that Philip Sletherby is going to visit Bertie's
mother?
Ans.Bertie knows that Philip Sletherby is going to visit Bertie’s mother
because he hears Sletherby’s club acquaintance saying that through the
train window.
e. Where is Bertie going?
Ans. Bertie is going from London to the countryside to go fishing for the
weekend.
f. What are the six items Bertie has in his pockets?
Ans. The six items Bertie has in his pockets are: a sixpenny coin, a
cigarette-case, a matchbox, a key, a silver pencil case, and a railway ticket.
g. What has Bertie forgotten and what does he want Philip Sletherby to
do?
Ans. Bertie has forgotten his coin-purse/money. He wants Philip Sletherby
to lend him some money.
h. What are the two reasons why Philip Sletherby does not help Bertie?
Ans. Philip Sletherby does not help Bertie because the crest he describes
is different to the one Sletherby saw on the letter he received and because
he says that his mother has dark hair.

1 b) Answer the following questions in no less than 50 words.
i. Who is the other man travelling to Brill Manor and what are the three
things we learn about him?
Ans. The other man travelling to Brill Manor is Claude People. We learn
that: he is an important lawyer; he has travelled on the same train; he is noisy/talks a lot; he is not the sort of man to notice an absorbed silence; he likes and knows about cars, and he knows Mrs Saltpen-Jago well.
j. Which part or parts of the story show us that Philip Sletherby thinks highly of himself?
Ans. The part of the story that show us that Philip Sletherby thinks highly of himself is the paragraph at the top of page 9 in which Sletherby imagines impressing others with his story.
k. Which parts of the story show us that it was written and is set in the past?
Ans. The language used shows us that the story was written a while ago, the references to the coin purse the sending of letters, the old-fashioned phrasing, the description of the car (and the horse-drawn carriages of their grandfathers).

2.) Answer the following questions with reference to context:
a. Phillip Sletherby settled himself down in an almost empty railway carriage, with the pleasant feeling of starting off on an agreeable and profitable trip.
i. Explain which word best describes how this character is feeling?
a) Irritated                b) Smug           c) Embarrassed
ii. How does he feel at the end of the story?
Ans. Shocked/unwell/irritated
iii.How does he hope to profit from the trip?
Ans. He hopes to secure the nomination of Mrs Saltpen-Jago so that he can become the MP for Chalkshire.

b. There was a tinge of coldness in his voice.
i. What does the statement mean?
Ans. Cold is used as a synonym for hostility/unfriendliness here.
ii. Who is this describing?
iii.Why does he feel as he does?
Ans. Sletherby believes that Bertie lied to him and he is unable to disguise his feelings when he hears Bertie’s description of his family crest.

c. The train moved on, leaving the so-called son of the Saltpen-Jago family cursing, furiously on the platform.
i. Whose perspective is being expressed here?
ii. What is meant by 'so-called'?
Ans. Sletherby does not believe that he is Mrs Saltpen-Jago’s son.
iii. Why is Bertie 'cursing furiously'?
Ans. He thought he would be able to borrow money to fund his weekend trip but now he has been left stranded.

3.) Learn words to know on Page 19 from the reader.

4.) Fill in the blanks from Chapter 1:

  1.  The County of Chalkshire was immediate personal interest to Philip  Sletherby.
  2.  He was searching _furiously and ineffectually for some elusive or non-existent object.
  3.  We have the right to use both, but I always use the demi   lion because after all we are really Saltpens.
  4.  It's graceful lines and symmetrical design masked the fact that it was an enormous wheeled structure.
  5.   Good appearance too, till she made that idiotic change.
5.) True or False:
  1. Honoria Jago had asked Philip Sletherby to come down to her country house for the following Friday to Sunday. False
  2. Philip Sletherby had a newspaper on his lap. False 
  3. From time to time Bertie dug a six-penny coin out of a waistcoat pocket.True
  4. On the platform Philip Sletherby was greeted sedately by a tall footman.True
  5. Philip Sletherby's eyes were fixed on the door panel on which were displayed four crests.False
6.) Match the numerals with the correct alphabets to make complete sense:
i.  Sletherby was under serious consideration...
ii.  He had scarcely glanced...
iii. His travelling companion was a young man...
iv. She's supposed to be like me...
v.  Claude People captured Sletherby's attention...

a. ...by switching his remarks to the personality of their hostess. 
b. ...of about twenty two, with dark hair.
c. ...at a couple of pages.
d. ...by the party managers as his possible successor 
e. ...She has the same dark brown hair and high colour; it runs in her family.

Answers:
i   - d
ii  - c
iii - b
iv - e
v  - a


 R/1                                                          
   03 / 05 / 2021, 05 / 05 / 2021    
ENGLISH GRAMMAR
Ch. 1 NOUNS

Trees Stock Pictures, Royalty-free Photos & Images - Getty ImagesCesar's Way | Official Site of Dog Behaviorist Cesar Millan

What is a Noun?
A noun is used to identify any of a class of people, places or things. For example, tree, child, dog, teacher etc..

They may also indicate abstract ideas or feelings. For example happiness, honesty etc.. 

types of nouns, #english | English grammar, English grammar ...
EXPLAINED:
  1. The whole of chapter 1.
  2. The classifications of different types of nouns with examples.
  3. What is Nominalization with examples. 
  4. How to change words into nouns by adding a suffix.
  5. Difference made by usage of nouns. 
  6. The possessive form of nouns with examples. 
  7. Correct use of apostrophes.
MAIN TEACHING:
Oral and Explanation Online with some written work.
  1. Nouns Explained.
ASSIGNMENTS:
A) Underline the nouns in the following sentences below.
  1. Anita drew some funny cartoons in her painting class.
  2. Basketball and cricket are Rohan's favourite games.
  3. My friend keeps his two dogs in a kennel.
  4. Sandeep lives in Chennai with his motherfather and sister.
  5. The teacher asked the students to leave their notebooks in a pile on her table.
  6. These cotton dresses are quite inexpensive.
  7. The captain steered the ship towards the island.
  8. Kathy fed bananas to the elephants at the zoo.
  9. Old songs were played on the radio on Monday night.
  10. My mother got me a bouquet of red carnations on my birthday.

Learn the different types of nouns and how they can be used Page 7 & 8

B) Pick out the nouns in the sentences below and say what kind they are.
  1. The ship (concrete), along with its crew (collective), has been saved.
  2. The height (abstract) of Mt Everest (proper) is 8848 metres (abstract).
  3. The National Museum (proper noun) has a good collection (collective) of artefacts. (concrete)
  4. The audience (collective) received the play (concrete) with a thunderous applause (concrete).
  5. Modern buildings (concrete) are mostly made of concrete (material) and steel (material).
  6. Forgiveness (abstract) is a noble virtue (abstract).
  7. The accused (concrete) declared his innocence (abstract) to the jury (collective).
  8. She bought her furniture (collective) at the flea market (concrete).
  9. I did not get good sleep (abstract) at night (concrete).
  10. Annie (proper) painted the wall (concrete) green. 
C) Fill in the blanks with nouns formed from the words given in brackets. 
  1. There is a vacancy for an accountant at this firm. (vacant)
  2. Only fools are softened by flattery (flatter)
  3. What choice do I have in this matter? (choose)
  4. He ignored the advice I gave him. (advise)
  5. His observations during the experiment provided valuable insight to the team. (observe)
  6. Increase (increase) in the temperature is an indication (indicate) of climate change in this world.
  7. His refusal (refuse) of the invitation added to my dissapointment(disappoint)
  8. It is generally the carelessness (careless) of the drivers that leads to road accidents.
  9. The government has made several policies to uplift farmers from poverty (poor)
  10. The lawyer took permission (permit) for a few days of absence (absent) from the court.
D) Sort the underlined nouns in the following conversation and list them in the appropriate columns below.
  "Hello Ria, Let's go to a restaurant and have some coffee."
"That's a good suggestion. Shall we go to Bistro? It's a nice place. I went there on my birthday with my family".
"When was your birthday and what did you do on that day?"
"It was on 23rd June. I had a party with my friends and family, and had a lot of fun.
I got many presents too. Aunt Jennifer gave me a ring made of gold and diamonds. 
And my sister gave me a big bouquet of red roses."

PROPER NOUNS
Ria
Bistro
June

CONCRETE NOUNS
restaurant
place
roses

ABSTRACT NOUNS
suggestion
birthday
fun
day

COLLECTIVE NOUNS
family
party
friends
presents
bouquet

MATERIAL NOUNS
coffe
gold
diamonds
ring

What is Nominalization? Explain with examples.
Nominalization are nouns that are created from adjectives or verbs

Examples: 
excite - excitement 
wide - width

What is a suffix simple definition? Give a few examples.
A suffixes such as -ure, -tion, -ing, -sion, ment, -ence, -th is a group of letters at the end of a word that make another word.

Examples: 
fail - failure 
combine - combination
wrote - writing


E) Change the following words into nouns by adding a suffix.

1. difficult  - difficulty         4. rough - roughness            7. serious - seriousness
2. anxious - anxiety          5. judge - judgement             8. perform - performance
3. refer - reference           6. responsible - responsibility     9. modest - modesty

Countable and Uncountable Nouns 
F) Read the following sentences, Identify whether the underlined nouns are Countable (C) or Uncountable (UC).
  1. The children are playing in the garden. (C)
  2. I don't like milk. (UC)
  3. I prefer tea. (UC)
  4. Scientists say that the environment is threatened by pollution. (C)
  5. My mother uses butter to prepare cakes. (UC)
  6. There are a lot of windows in our classroom. (C)
  7. We need some glue to fix this vase. (UC)
  8. The waiters in this restaurant are very professional. (C)
  9. My father drinks two big glasses of water every morning. (C)
10. The bread my mother bakes is delicious. (C)

The Possessive Form of Nouns
A noun that expresses ownership or relationship indicates possession.

The possessive form of nouns can be formed in two ways.
1. The noun + apostrophe + s form is usually used with the names of living things or personified objects.
Examples: (a) This is Mary's farm house.
                  (b) Nature's laws should be respected.

2. The of + noun form is used with the names of non-living things.
Examples:  (a) The roof of this building is leaking.
                   (b) The walls of this room are quite bare. 

Uses of 'of + noun'
(a) Of + noun is used with inanimate possessors or things. 
Example: The walls of this house have developed cracks in several places.

(b) Of + noun is also used when the noun is followed by a phrase or a clause. 
Examples: The patients waited in the queue, obeying the directions of the            clerk at the reception desk.
The result of the test which had been postponed, will be declared today. 

G) Rewrite the italicized phrases in the sentences below using the possessive form of nouns with apostrophe and s in your notebook.
 1. The daughter of my sister-in-law is graduating today.
my sister-in-law's daughter

2. The new film of the actor sank without a trace.
the actor’s new film

3. What is the special offer for this month?
this month’s special offer

 4. This photo was taken in the garden of my neighbour.
my neighbour’s garden

 5. I'm looking at the programme list of the day.
today’s programme list

 6. It was impossible to have silence even for a moment.
even a moment’s silence

 7. She has been given her salary only for two weeks.
only two weeks’ salary

8. This is a necklace that belonged to my grandmother.
my grandmother’s necklace 

 9. This book is about the last year of the President in office.
the President’s last year in office

10. The film shows the revolt of the people against the monarch.
the people’s revolt against the monarch

H) Fill in the blanks with the appropriate form of possessive nouns. Use's / of + noun.
 1. We have to reach the  principal’s (principle, office) in 15 minutes.
 2. The leaves of the trees  (leaves, trees) turn red in autumn.
 3. Have you seen the mess in the children’s room (children, room)?
 4. The teacher’s notes (teacher, notes) are available online.
 5. All the migratory birds’ flight routes (birds, flight routes) are mapped scientifically.
 6. My picture will appear on the cover of the magazine (cover, magazine)
    next month.
 7. The climate of a country affects the structures of houses  (structure, houses)
    constructed there.
 8. All my brother’s old bikes (brother, old bikes) have been sold.
 9. I must confirm the price of the cupboard (price, cupboard) before placing the order.
10. A new wing is being added to the students’ hostel (students, hostel).

I) A few of the following sentences have errors of apostrophe use. Spot them and rewrite them correctly.
1. That man cannot be relied upon - he is a wolf in a sheeps' clothing.
     That man cannot be relied upon—he is a wolf in a sheep’s clothing
 2. My aunt is the president of the Rotary Club.
    This sentence is correct.
3. I have requested my boss for three weeks' leave next month.
    I have requested my boss for three weeks leave next month.
4. She is giving a party on the occasion of her brother's-in-law promotion.
     She is giving a party on the occasion of her brother-in-law’s promotion.
5. I reached work late today because of the auto-drivers' strike.
    I reached work late today because of the auto-driver's strike.
6. My father studied in a boys' school till Class X.
    My father studied in a boys school till Class X.
 7. Last night the Mehra's house was burgled.
    This sentence is correct.
8. I was offered a high-profile job in my father-in-law's firm.
    This sentence is correct.
9. I stayed in Charles' house for the holidays.
    I stayed in Charles’s house for the holidays.
10. An Achilles' heel is a person's weak spot.
     An Achilles heel is a person’s weak spot.